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Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(13): 1081-1086
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1554698
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

A 200-m All-out Front-crawl Swim Modifies Competitive Swimmers’ Shoulder Joint Position Sense

A. Uematsu
1   Department of Sport Sciences, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Japan
,
Y. Kurita
2   Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
,
K. Inoue
3   Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
,
K. Okuno
4   Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
,
T. Hortobágyi
5   University of Groningen, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
6   Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
,
S. Suzuki
7   Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 14 May 2015

Publication Date:
07 August 2015 (online)

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Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that an all-out-effort 200-m front-crawl swim trial affects competitive swimmers’ shoulder joint position sense. On Day 1, we measured shoulder joint position sense before and after the swim trial, and on Day 2 before and after 2 min of seated rest. On both days, shoulder joint position sense was measured in the seated position using electromagnetic movement sensors in a position-matching paradigm. An investigator abducted participants’ left (reference) shoulder joint in the frontal plane to test angles of 90°, 135°, and 180°. Participants then actively abducted the right (indicator) shoulder joint to match the position of the left, reference arm. After the 200-m all-out front-crawl swim trial, the indicator relative to the reference angle differed by 4.4° toward adduction at the 180° (vertical) testing position (P<0.05). Variation in absolute matching error was 3.2° or 2.2 times greater after swim compared with the no-swim control trial. An all-out 200-m front-crawl swim trial can selectively increase competitive swimmers’ shoulder joint position sense error and increase variation in matching error in horizontal arm position.

Key words

proprioception - position matching error - error variation - competitive swimming
 

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