Upgrade: Rehabilitationsprogramm für Wurfsportler mit Schulterverletzungen

Zusammenfassung

WERFERSCHULTER: Im Profi-Baseball verursachen Schulterverletzungen rund 28 Prozent aller Spiel- und Trainingsausfälle. Kevin Wilk und sein Team erklären, wie man die meist schwache Schulterblattmuskulatur zusätzlich aktiviert und unter anderem mit dem Programm Advanced Thrower’s Ten aus verletzten Sportlern wieder Werfer mit dynamisch stabilisiertem Schultergelenk macht.

• Literatur

• 1 Blackburn TA, McLeod WD, White B et al. EMG analysis of posterior rotator cuff exercises. Athl Train J Natl Athl Train Assoc 1990; 25: 40-45
• 2 Borsa PA, Wilk KE, Jacobson JA et al. Correlation of range of motion and glenohumeral translation in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33 (9) 1392-9
• 3 Borstad JD, Ludewig PM. Comparison of three stretches for the pectoralis minor muscle. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2006; 15 (3) 324-30
• 4 Butterfield TA. Eccentric exercise in vivo: Strain-induced muscle damage and adaptation in a stable system. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2010; 38: 51-60
• 5 Carpenter JE, Blasier RB, Pellizzon GG. The effects of muscle fatigue on shoulder joint position sense. Am J Sports Med 1998; 26 (2) 262-5
• 6 Chen SK, Simonian PT, Wickiewicz TL et al. Radiographic evaluation of glenohumeral kinematics: A muscle fatigue model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1999; 8 (1) 49-52
• 7 Collins CL, Comstock RD. Epidemiological features of high school baseball injuries in the United States, 2005–2007. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (6) 1181-7
• 8 Conte S, Requa RK, Garrick JG. Disability days in major league baseball. Am J Sports Med 2001; 29 (4) 431-436
• 9 Crockett HC, Gross LB, Wilk KE et al. Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med 2002; 30: 20-26
• 10 Davies GJ, Dickoff-Hoffman S. Neuromuscular testing and rehabilitation of the shoulder complex. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1993; 18 (2) 449-58
• 11 Decker MJ, Hintermeister RA, Faber KJ et al. Serratus anterior muscle activity during selected rehabilitation exercises. Am J Sports Med 1992; 7 (6) 784-91
• 12 Dick R, Sauers EL, Agel J et al. Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate men’s baseball injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1998–1989 through 2003–2004. J Athl Train 2007; 42 (2) 183-93
• 13 DiGiovine NM, Jobe FW, Pink M et al. An electromyographic analysis of the upper extremity in pitching. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1992; 1 (1) 15-25
• 14 Dines JS, Frank JB, Akerman M et al. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficits in baseball players with ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37: 566-570
• 15 Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Shoulder muscle recruitment patterns and related biomechanics during upper extremity sports. Sports Med 2009; 39 (7) 569-90
• 16 Escamilla RF, Barrentine SW, Fleisig GS et al. Pitching biomechanics as a pitcher approaches muscular fatigue during a simulated baseball game. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35 (1) 23-33
• 17 Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Yamashiro K et al. Effects of a 4-week youth baseball conditioning program on throwing velocity. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24 (12) 3247-54
• 18 Escamilla RF, Ionno M, DeMahy MS et al. Comparison of three baseball-specific 6-week training programs on throwing velocity in high school baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26 (7) 1767-81
• 19 Escamilla RF, Lewis C, Bell D et al. Core muscle activation during Swiss ball and traditional abdominal exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010; 40 (5) 265-76
• 20 Escamilla RF, Yamashiro K, Paulos L et al. Shoulder muscle activity and function in common shoulder rehabilitation exercises. Sports Med 2009; 39 (8) 663-85
• 21 Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Dillman CJ et al. Kinetics of baseball pitching with implications about injury mechanisms. Am J Sports Med 1995; 23 (2) 233-9
• 22 Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Escamilla RF et al. Biomechanics of overhand throwing with implications for injuries. Sports Med 1996; 21 (6) 421-37
• 23 Fleisig GS, Jameson GG, Cody KE et al. Muscle activity during shoulder rehabilitation exercises. In: Proceedings of NACOB ’98, The Third North American Congress on Biomechanics. August 14, 1998; Waterloo, Canada: 223–34
• 24 Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Barrentine SW et al. Kinematic and kinetic comparison of full and partial effort baseball effort baseball pitching. Presented at: American Society of Biomechanics: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting; October 17–19, 1996; Atlanta, GA. 151–2
• 25 Fortun CM, Davies GJ, Kernozck TW. The effects of plyometric training on the shoulder internal rotators. Phys Ther 1998; 78 (51) S87
• 26 Henry TJ, Lephart SM, Stone D et al. An electromyographic analysis of dynamic stabilizing exercises for the shoulder. J Athl Train 1998; 33 (Suppl): S74
• 27 Hintermeister RA, Lange GW, Schultheis JM et al. Electromyographic activity and applied load during shoulder rehabilitation exercises using elastic resistance. Am J Sports Med 1998; 26: 210-20
• 28 Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Tibone JE et al. An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching. A second report. Am J Sports Med 1984; 12 (3) 218-20
• 29 Jobe FW, Tibone JE, Jobe CM et al. The shoulder in sports. In: Rockwood Jr CA, Matsen III FA, eds. The Shoulder. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1990: 961-90
• 30 Kibler WB. Role of the scapula in overhead throwing motion. Contemp Orthop 1991; 22: 525-32
• 31 Kibler WB. The role of the scapula in athletic shoulder function. Am J Sports Med 1998; 26 (2) 325-7
• 32 Kibler WB, Kuhn JE, Wilk K et al. The disabled throwing shoulder: Spectrum of Pathology – 10-year update. Arthroscopy 2013; 29 (1) 141-61
• 33 Kluemper M, Uhl TL, Hazelrigg H. Effects of stretching and strengthening shoulder muscles on forward shoulder posture in competitive swimmers. J Sport Rehabil 2006; 15: 58-70
• 34 Knott M, Voss DE. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation: Patterns and techniques. 2nd ed. New York: Hoever; 1968
• 35 Laudner KG, Myers JB, Pasquale MR et al. Scapular dysfunction in throwers with pathologic internal impingement. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006; 36: 485-494
• 36 Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Giraldo JL et al. The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of athletic injuries. Am J Sports Med 1997; 25 (1) 130-7
• 37 Lephart SM, Warner JJ, Borsa PA et al. Proprioception of the shoulder joint in healthy, unstable, and surgically repaired shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1994; 3 (6) 371-80
• 38 Lyman SL, Fleisig GS, Osinski ED et al. Incidence and determinants of arm injury in youth baseball pitchers: A pilot study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30 (S5) S4
• 39 Matiland GD. Vertebral Manipulation. 4th ed Boston: Butterworth; 1977
• 40 Meister K, Day T, Horodyski M et al. Rotation motion changes in the glenohumeral joint of the adolescent/Little League baseball player. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33: 693-698
• 41 Moseley Jr JB, Jobe FW, Pink M et al. EMG analysis of the scapular muscles during a shoulder rehabilitation program. Am J Sports Med 1992; 29 (2) 128-34
• 42 Muraki T, Aoki M, Izumi T et al. Lengthening of the pectoralis minor muscle during passive shoulder motions and stretching techniques: A cadaveric biomechanical study. Phys Ther 2009; 89 (4) 333-41
• 43 Murray TA, Cook TD, Werner SL et al. The effects of extended play on professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med 2001; 29 (2) 137-42
• 44 Myers JB, Laudner KG, Pasquale MR et al. Glenohumeral range of motion deficits and posterior shoulder tightness in throwers with pathologic internal impingement. Am J Sports Med 2006; 34: 385-91
• 45 Noyes FR, Mangine RE, Barber S. Early knee motion after open and arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 1987; 15 (2) 149-60
• 46 Padua DA, Guskiewicz KM, Myers JB. Effects of closed kinetic chain, open kinetic chain, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training on the shoulder. J Athl Train 1999; (Suppl. 34) S83
• 47 Paine RM. The role of the scapula in the shoulder. In: Andrews JR, Wilk KE, eds. The Athlete’s Shoulder. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1994: 495-512
• 48 Pappas Am, Zawacki RM, McCarthy CF. Rehabilitation of the pitching shoulder. Am J Sports Med 1985; 13 (4) 223-35
• 49 Poppen NK, Walker PS. Forces at the glenohumeral joint in abduction. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1978; 135: 165-70
• 50 Reagan KM, Meister K, Horodyski MB et al. Humeral retroversion and its relationship to glenohumeral rotation in the shoulder of college baseball players. Am J Sports Med 20: 354-360
• 51 Reinold MM, Wilk KE, Reed J et al. Interval sport programs: Guidelines for baseball, tennis, and golf. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2002; 32 (6) 293-8
• 52 Rohrer MJ, Cardullo PA, Pappas AM et al. Axillary artery compression and thrombosis in throwing athletes. J Vasc Surg 1990; 11 (6) 761-8
• 53 Solem-Bertoft E, Thuomas KA, Westerberg CE. The influence of scapular retraction and protraction on the width of the subacromial space. An MRI study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993; 296: 99-103
• 54 Sotta RP. Vascular problems in the proximal upper extremity. Clin Sports Med 1990; 9 (2) 379-88
• 55 Stackhouse SK, Eisennagel A, Eisennagel J et al. Experimental pain inhibits infraspinatus activation during isometric external rotation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22 (4) 478-84
• 56 Sullivan PE, Markos PD. Minor MAD. An integrated approach to therapeutic exercise: Theory and clinical application. Reston (VA): Reston Publishing Company; 1982
• 57 Swanik KA, Lephart SM, Swanik CB et al. The effects of shoulder plyometric training on proprioception and selected muscle performance characteristics. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2002; 11 (6) 579-86
• 58 Thomas SJ, Swanik CB, Higginson JS et al. A bilateral comparison of posterior capsule thickness and its correlation with glenohumeral range of motion and scapular upward rotation in collegiate baseball players. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011; 20 (5) 708-16
• 59 Thomas SJ, Swanik KA, Swanik 4th CB et al. Internal rotation deficits affect scapular positioning in baseball players. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468 (6) 1551-7
• 60 Townsend H, Jobe FW, Pink M et al. Electromyographic analysis of the glenohumeral muscles during a baseball rehabilitation program. Am J Sports Med 1991; 19 (3) 264-72
• 61 Tucker WS, Armstrong CW, Gribble PA et al. Scapular muscle activity in overhead athletes with symptoms of secondary shoulder impingement during closed chain exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 91 (4) 550-6
• 62 Uhl TL, Gieck JH, Perrin DH et al. The correlation between shoulder joint position sense and neuromuscular control of the shoulder. J Athl Train 1999; (Suppl. 34) S10
• 63 Verkhoshansky YV. Programming and organization of training. Livonia (MI): Sportivny Press; 1988
• 64 Voight ML, Hardin JA, Blackburn TA et al. The effects of muscle fatigue on and the relationship of arm dominance to shoulder proprioception. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1996; 23 (6) 348-52
• 65 Walker PS, Poppen NK. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint during abduction in the plane of the scapula [proceedings]. Bull Hosp Joint Dis 1977; 38 (2) 107-11
• 66 Wilk KE. Restoration of functional motor patterns and functional testing in the throwing athlete. In: Lephart SM, Fu FH, eds. Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control in Joint Stability. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2000: 415-38
• 67 Wilk KE, Andrews JR, Arrigo C. Preventive and rehabilitative exercises for the shoulder and elbow. 6th ed. Birmingham (AL): American Sports Medicine Institute; 2001
• 68 Wilk KE, Arrigo CA. An integrated approach to upper extremity exercises. Orthop Phys Ther Clin North Am 1992; 1: 337-60
• 69 Wilk KE, Arrigo C, Andrews JR. Closed and open kinetic chain exercises for the upper extremity. J Sports Rehab 1996; 5: 88-102
• 70 Wilk KE, Arrigo CA, Andrews JR. Current concepts: The stabilizing structures of the glenohumeral joint. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1997; 25 (6) 364-379
• 71 Wilk KE, Hooks TR, Macrina LC. The modified sleeper stretch and modified cross-body stretch to increase shoulder internal rotation range of motion in the overhead throwing athlete. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013; 33 (8) 455-67
• 72 Wilk KE, Macrina LC, Fleisig GS et al. Loss of internal rotation and the correlation to shoulder injuries in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: 329-35
• 73 Wilk KE, Voight ML, Keirns MA et al. Stretch-shortening drills for the upper extremities: Theory and clinical application. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1993; 17 (5) 225-39
• 74 Wooden MJ, Greenfield B, Johanson M et al. Effects of strength training on throwing velocity and shoulder muscle performance in teenage baseball players. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1992; 15 (5) 223-8
• 75 Wyke BD. The neurology of joints. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons 1967; 41 (1) 25-50