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Semin Thromb Hemost 2016; 42(06): 650-661
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1579642
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Thrombosis in Autoimmune Diseases: A Role for Immunosuppressive Treatments?

Elena Silvestri
1   Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
2   SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases–Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic–AOU Careggi Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Antonella Scalera
3   Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
,
Giacomo Emmi
1   Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
2   SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases–Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic–AOU Careggi Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Danilo Squatrito
1   Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
2   SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases–Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic–AOU Careggi Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Lucia Ciucciarelli
1   Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Caterina Cenci
2   SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases–Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic–AOU Careggi Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Carlo Tamburini
2   SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases–Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic–AOU Careggi Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Lorenzo Emmi
2   SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases–Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic–AOU Careggi Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
,
Giovanni Di Minno
3   Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
,
Domenico Prisco
1   Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
2   SOD Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Center for Autoimmune Systemic Diseases–Behçet Center and Lupus Clinic–AOU Careggi Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
06 June 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Autoimmune diseases are not infrequently associated with arterial or venous thrombotic events. Chronic inflammation and immune system impairment are considered the main pathogenetic mechanisms. Some of the drugs used in the treatment of such diseases have been associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. On the contrary, their anti-inflammatory and immune modulator activity could correct some mechanisms leading to thrombosis. In this review, recent evidence available on this topic is examined. There is a lack of adequate studies, but available evidence suggests that glucocorticoids and high-dose immunoglobulins are associated with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism. Although available data do not allow drawing definite conclusions and more data are needed from future studies and registries, physicians should be aware of these associations.

Keywords

thrombosis - immunosuppressive drugs - autoimmune disease
 

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