Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1585257
Implantatentfernung nach Beckenringfraktur
Implant Removal after Pelvic Ring InjuryPublication History
Publication Date:
14 October 2016 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Beckenringfrakturen gehören zu den seltenen Verletzungen. In den letzten Jahren erfolgt die Stabilisierung des hinteren Beckenrings überwiegend perkutan mittels transiliosakraler Schraubenfixation. Der vordere Beckenring wird in Abhängigkeit vom Verletzungsmuster mit Platten, Schrauben oder supraazetabulär eingebrachten Fixateur-externe-Montagen stabilisiert. Anhand der Literatur sowie der retrospektiven Aufarbeitung der eigenen Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen bei 80 Patienten mit einer Beckenring-B- und -C-Verletzung wird aufgezeigt, dass die Indikation zur Entfernung des Osteosynthesematerials streng zu stellen ist. Die Indikation ist fraglos gegeben bei Fixateur-externe-Montagen, Infektionen, Schraubenfehllagen, allergischen Reaktionen auf Implantate, kritischer Weichteilbedeckung bzw. -kompromittierung durch auftragende Implantate und bei verheilten Frakturen am wachsenden Skelett. Eine individuelle Abwägung der Risiken und Nutzen ist jedoch beim asymptomatischen Patienten sowie beim aufgrund von posttraumatischen Veränderungen symptomatischen Patienten erforderlich. Hier sollte bei der Entscheidung das initiale Verletzungsmuster mitberücksichtigt werden. Wird die Indikation zur Materialentfernung nach einer Beckenringfraktur gestellt, so kann es sich um eine technisch anspruchsvolle Operation mit einer hohen Komplikationsrate handeln.
Abstract
Pelvic ring fractures are regarded as rare injuries. In recent years, minimally invasive sacroiliacal screw fixation has been increasingly used as a procedure for the treatment of these injuries, if the dorsal pelvic ring needs to be addressed. Treatment options for the anterior pelvic ring include plates, screws or external fixation. After reviewing the limited number of publications on this subject and our own experience with 80 patients with pelvic ring B- or C-type injuries during a period of 8 years, we can show that implant removal in the pelvic ring should be indicated with caution. In some cases like external fixation, implant associated infection, malpositioning, allergic implant reaction, critical soft tissue covering, palpable implant and consolidated juvenile fractures, implant removal is certainly indicated. In patients without symptoms and in patients with trauma-associated symptoms which are not definitely associated with implants, removal is only indicated after thorough consideration of the risks versus the benefits and after taking the initial injury pattern into account. If despite all these objections, implant removal is still indicated, it must be borne in mind that implant removal may be difficult and that there are several possible severe complications.
-
Literatur
- 1 Abumi K, Saita M, Iida T et al. Reduction and fixation of sacroiliac joint dislocation by the combined use of S1 pedicle screws and the galveston technique. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25: 1977-1983
- 2 AWMF. Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie: Implantatentfernung. 2008. AWMF-Leitlinien-Register Nr. 012/004.
- 3 Briem D, Rueger J, Begemann P et al. [Computer-assisted screw placement into the posterior pelvic ring: assessment of different navigated procedures in a cadaver trial]. Unfallchirurg 2006; 109: 640-646
- 4 Culemann U, Tosounidis G, Reilmann H et al. [Injury to the pelvic ring. Diagnosis and current possibilities for treatment]. Unfallchirurg 2004; 107: 1169-1181
- 5 Drerup B, Hierholzer E. Movement of the human pelvis and displacement of related anatomical landmarks on the body surface. J Biomech 1987; 20: 971-977
- 6 Duchna H, Nowack U, Merget R et al. [Prospective study of the significance of contact sensitization caused by metal implants]. Zentralbl Chir 1998; 123: 1271-1276
- 7 Gänsslen A, Hüfner T, Krettek C. Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation of unstable pelvic injuries by conventional fluoroscopy. Oper Orthop Traumatol 2006; 18: 225-244
- 8 Giannoudis P, Chalidis B, Roberts C. Internal fixation of traumatic diastasis of pubic symphysis: is plate removal essential?. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2008; 128: 325-331
- 9 Keating J, Werier J, Blachut P et al. Early fixation of the vertically unstable pelvis: the role of iliosacral screw fixation of the posterior lesion. J Orthop Trauma 1999; 13: 107-113
- 10 Kregor P, Routt jr. M. Unstable pelvic ring disruptions in unstable patients. Injury 1999; 30 (Suppl. 02) B19-B28
- 11 Moss M, Bircher M. Volume changes within the true pelvis during disruption of the pelvic ring – where does the haemorrhage go?. Injury 1996; 27 (Suppl. 01) S-A21-S-A23
- 12 Müller-Färber J. [Removal of metal in traumatology]. Unfallchirurg 2003; 106: 653-668
- 13 Pohlemann T, Gänsslen A, Kiessling B et al. [Determining indications and osteosynthesis techniques for the pelvic girdle]. Unfallchirurg 1992; 95: 197-209
- 14 Pohlemann T, Tscherne H. [Indications for surgical therapy of sacral fractures]. Chirurg 1992; 63: 884-896
- 15 Pohlemann T, Tscherne H, Baumgärtel F et al. [Pelvic fractures: epidemiology, therapy and long-term outcome. Overview of the multicenter study of the Pelvis Study Group]. Unfallchirurg 1996; 99: 160-167
- 16 Putnis S, Pearce R, Wali U et al. Open reduction and internal fixation of a traumatic diastasis of the pubic symphysis: one-year radiological and functional outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2011; 93: 78-84
- 17 Ragnarsson B, Jacobsson B. Epidemiology of pelvic fractures in a Swedish county. Acta Orthop Scand 1992; 63: 297-300
- 18 Raman R, Roberts C, Pape H et al. Implant retention and removal after internal fixation of the symphysis pubis. Injury 2005; 36: 827-831
- 19 Remiger A, Engelhardt P. [Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation of vertical unstable pelvic ring fractures]. Swiss Surg 1996; 2: 259-263
- 20 Richards R, Palmer J, Clarke N. Observations on removal of metal implants. Injury 1992; 23: 25-28
- 21 Routt jr. M, Kregor P, Simonian P et al. Early results of percutaneous iliosacral screws placed with the patient in the supine position. J Orthop Trauma 1995; 9: 207-214
- 22 Routt jr. M, Simonian P, Mills W. Iliosacral screw fixation: early complications of the percutaneous technique. J Orthop Trauma 1997; 11: 584-589
- 23 Sagi H, Papp S. Comparative radiographic and clinical outcome of two-hole and multi-hole symphyseal plating. J Orthop Trauma 2008; 22: 373-378
- 24 Schildhauer T, Josten C, Muhr G. Triangular osteosynthesis of vertically unstable sacrum fractures: a new concept allowing early weight-bearing. J Orthop Trauma 1998; 12: 307-314
- 25 Schmalzried T, Grogan T, Neumeier P et al. Metal removal in a pediatric population: benign procedure or necessary evil?. J Pediatr Orthop 1991; 11: 72-76
- 26 Tile M. Acute Pelvic Fractures: I. Causation and Classification. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1996; 4: 143-151
- 27 Tscherne H, Pohlemann T Hrsg. Tscherne Unfallchirurgie: Becken und Acetabulum. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokio: Springer; 1998
- 28 Varga E, Hearn T, Powell J et al. Effects of method of internal fixation of symphyseal disruptions on stability of the pelvic ring. Injury 1995; 26: 75-80
- 29 Weil Y, Nousiainen M, Helfet D. Removal of an iliosacral screw entrapping the L5 nerve root after failed posterior pelvic ring fixation: a case report. J Orthop Trauma 2007; 21: 414-417
- 30 Yucel N, Lefering R, Tjardes T et al. [Is implant removal after percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation of unstable posterior pelvic ring disruptions indicated?]. Unfallchirurg 2004; 107: 468-474