Percutaneous Embolization of Scalp Arteriovenous Malformation Using New Liquid Embolic Agent, SQUID: A Technical Report

Abstract

Scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare extracranial vascular malformations that are traditionally treated by surgical excision or by combined endovascular-surgical approaches. We describe percutaneous treatment of scalp AVM, using a new liquid embolic agent, SQUID. Because of its nonadhesive property, prolonged injection and complete obliteration of scalp AVM is feasible. The cast formed is aesthetically appealing to the patient, and it may obviate the need for further surgical excision. It could be considered as the primary treatment option for patients unwilling for surgery.

Keywords

scalp arteriovenous malformation - ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer - SQUID - percutaneous embolization

Contributions of Authors

Santhosh Kumar Kannath contributed in concept, design, data analysis, data interpretation, manuscript preparation, and critical revision, and Jayadevan Enakshy Rajan contributed in data analysis, data interpretation, manuscript preparation, and critical revision.

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