Risk Factors for Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts

Davide Cucchi; Antongiulio Marmotti; Silvana De Giorgi; Alberto Costa; Rocco D'Apolito; Marco Conca; Alessandro Russo; Maristella F. Saccomanno; Laura de Girolamo; SIGASCOT Research Committee

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608951

Joints, Table of Contents

CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Joints 2017; 05(04): 217-223
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608951

Review Article

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Risk Factors for Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts

Davide Cucchi

¹Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

²Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

,

Antongiulio Marmotti

³Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy

,

Silvana De Giorgi

⁴Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

,

Alberto Costa

⁵Departemnt of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orlandi Hospital, Bussolengo, Verona, Italy

,

Rocco D'Apolito

⁶Department of Orthopaedics, S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy

,

Marco Conca

⁷UO Ortopedia Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy

,

Alessandro Russo

⁸Laboratorio di Biomeccanica e Innovazione Tecnologica—Clinica II, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy

,

Maristella F. Saccomanno

⁹Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University, “A. Gemelli” University Hospital, Rome, Italy

,

Laura de Girolamo

¹⁰Laboratorio di Biotecnologie applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

,

SIGASCOT Research Committee

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Shoulder stiffness is a condition of painful restriction of the glenohumeral range of motion. Numerous risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness have been described. This article summarizes the known aspects of the pathophysiology of shoulder stiffness, with special attention to elements of molecular biology and genetics, which could influence the risk of developing shoulder stiffness. Furthermore, the role of hormonal and metabolic factors, medical disorders, drugs, and of other published risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness is reviewed and discussed. Finally, aspects related to shoulder surgery and postoperative rehabilitation protocols, which could influence the development of postoperative stiffness are presented.

Keywords

shoulder stiffness - frozen shoulder - adhesive capsulitis - shoulder arthroscopy - inflammation

Full Text

References

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