Nicht medizinischer Gebrauch von Opiatanalgetika

Zusammenfassung

Der nicht medizinische Konsum von Opiatanalgetika (OA) hat sich in Nordamerika in den vergangenen 20 Jahren zu einer ernsten Problematik mit epidemischen Ausmaßen entwickelt. Aufgrund der stark schmerzlindernden und euphorisierenden Wirkung von Opiaten und Opioiden, besitzen diese ein hohes Suchtpotenzial und Studien an Heroin- und Methadonkonsumenten oder an chronischen Schmerz-Patienten deuten auf kognitive und soziokognitive Veränderungen bei chronischer Einnahme hin. Allerdings sind die Ergebnisse aufgrund konfundierender Faktoren, z. B. begleitende somatische oder psychiatrische Erkrankungen, häufig widersprüchlich und schwer interpretierbar. Obwohl es Hinweise auf einen zunehmenden nicht medizinischen Konsum von OA in Europa gibt, ist nur wenig über die neuropsychologischen Auswirkungen und Folgen eines nicht medizinischen OA-Konsums bekannt. Auch die Behandlung der OA-Abhängigkeit ist nicht ausreichend durch klinische Studien gestützt, sodass dringend zusätzliche Daten benötigt werden, um zielgerichtete und effektive Maßnahmen in der Prävention und Intervention für diese Patientenpopulation zu entwickeln.

Summary

In the last two decades, the non-medical use of opioid analgesics has become an increased public health concern in North America where the risen use of prescription opioids has reached epidemic dimensions. Because of its strong analgesic and euphoric effects, opioids have a high addictive potential. Moreover, studies have shown cognitive and socio-cognitive alterations in chronic user of heroin and methadone but also in chronic pain patients taking prescription opioids. However, some of these findings are contradictory and difficult to interpret because of confounding factors such as comorbid physical and psychiatric diseases. Although recent reports indicate an emerging problem of non-medical prescription opioid use in Europe, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding its neuropsychological consequences. Finally, the clinical evidence is still scarce with regard to the treatment of opioid analgesic dependence. Future studies are urgently needed to improve prevention and intervention of opioid analgesic dependence.

Schlüsselwörter

Kognition - Empathie - Emotionserkennung - Opiatanalgetika

Keywords

Cognition - empathy - emotion recognition - opioid analgesics

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