Literatur

• Literatur

• 1 Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E. et al. Myocardial infarction redefined – a consensus document of The Joint European Society of Cardiology/ American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 959-969.
• 2 Hamm CW, Braunwald E. A classification of unstable angina revisited. Circulation 2000; 102: 118-122.
• 3 Hamm CW. Guidelines: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS). II: Acute coronary syndrome with ST-elevation. Z Kardiol 2004; 93: 324-341.
• 4 Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW. et al. ACC/ AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction; A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: E1-E211.
• 5 Bertrand ME, Simoons ML, Fox KA. et al. Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 1809-1840.
• 6 Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW. et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2000; 102: 1193-1209.
• 7 Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E. et al. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I. Circulation 2003; 108: 1664-1672.
• 8 Viles-Gonzalez JF, Fuster V, Badimon JJ. Atherothrombosis: a widespread disease with unpredictable and life-threatening consequences. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1197-1207.
• 9 Wallentin LC. Aspirin (75 mg/day) after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease: longterm effects on the risk for myocardial infarction, occurrence of severe angina and the need for revascularization. Research Group on Instability in Coronary Artery Disease in Southeast Sweden. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18: 1587-1593.
• 10 Schror K. Clinical pharmacology of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonist, clopidogrel. Vasc Med 1998; 3: 247-251.
• 11 Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR. et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 494-502.
• 12 Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ. et al. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the PCI-CURE study. Lancet 2001; 358: 527-533.
• 13 Bassand JP, Hamm CW, Ardissino D. et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-STsegment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 1598-1640.
• 14 Lefkovits J, Plow EF, Topol EJ. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors in cardiovascular medicine. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1553-1559.
• 15 Coller BS, Peerschke EI, Scudder LE. et al. A murine monoclonal antibody that completely blocks the binding of fibrinogen to platelets produces a thrombasthenic-like state in normal platelets and binds to glycoproteins IIb and/or IIIa. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 325-338.
• 16 Boersma E, Harrington RA, Moliterno DJ. et al. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials. Lancet 2002; 359: 189-198.
• 17 Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Neumann FJ. et al. Abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel pretreatment: the ISAR-REACT 2 randomized trial. JAMA 2006; 295: 1531-1538.
• 18 Madan M, Tcheng JE. Update on Abciximab readministration during percutaneous coronary interventions. Curr Interv Cardiol Rep 2000; 2: 244-249.
• 19 Moons AH, Levi M, Peters RJ. Tissue factor and coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 53: 313-325.
• 20 Harrington RA, Becker RC, Ezekowitz M. et al. Antithrombotic therapy for coronary artery disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004; 126: 513S-548S.
• 21 Oler A, Whooley MA, Oler J. et al. Adding heparin to aspirin reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction and death in patients with unstable angina. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1996; 276: 811-815.
• 22 Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel EP. et al. A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 447-452.
• 23 Hirsh J, Levine MN. Low molecular weight heparin. Blood 1992; 79: 1-17.
• 24 Klein W, Buchwald A, Hillis SE. et al. Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin acutely and with placebo for 6 weeks in the management of unstable coronary artery disease. Fragmin in unstable coronary artery disease study. Circulation 1997; 96: 61-68.
• 25 Comparison of two treatment durations (6 days and 14 days) of a low molecular weight heparin with a 6-day treatment of unfractionated heparin in the initial management of unstable angina or non-Q wave myocardial infarction: FRAX. I. S. (FRAxiparine in Ischaemic Syndrome). Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 1553-1562.
• 26 Petersen JL, Mahaffey KW, Hasselblad V. et al. Efficacy and bleeding complications among patients randomized to enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin for antithrombin therapy in non-ST-Segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: a systematic overview. JAMA 2004; 292: 89-96.
• 27 Blazing MA, de Lemos JA, White HD. et al. Safety and efficacy of enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes who receive tirofiban and aspirin: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 55-64.
• 28 Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Antman EM. et al. Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy: primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 45-54.
• 29 Montalescot G, White HD, Gallo R. et al. STEEPLE Investigators. Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in elective percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1006-1017.
• 30 Simoons ML, Bobbink IW, Boland J. et al. A dosefinding study of fondaparinux in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: the Pentasaccharide in Unstable Angina (PENTUA) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 2183-2190.
• 31 Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S. et al. Efficacy and saftey of fondaparinux compared to enoxaparin in 20,028 patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST segment elevation. The OASIS (Organization to Assess Strategies in Acute Ischemic Syndromes)-5 Investigators. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1464-1476.
• 32 Effects of recombinant hirudin (lepirudin) compared with heparin on death, myocardial infarction, refractory angina, and revascularisation procedures in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia without ST elevation: a randomised trial. Organisation to Assess Strategies for Ischemic Syndromes (OASIS-2) Investigators. Lancet 1999; 353: 429-438.
• 33 A comparison of recombinant hirudin with heparin for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) IIb investigators. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 775-782.
• 34 Shah PB, Ahmed WH, Ganz P. et al. Bivalirudin compared with heparin during coronary angioplasty for thrombus-containing lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1264-1269.
• 35 Bittl JA, Chaitman BR, Feit F. et al. Bivalirudin versus heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina: Final report reanalysis of the Bivalirudin Angioplasty Study. Am Heart J 2001; 142: 952-959.
• 36 Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Harrington RA. et al. Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 853-863.
• 37 Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA. et al. Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2006; 255: 2203-2216.
• 38 Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists’ (FTT) Collaborative Group. Lancet 1994; 343: 311-322.