Leptin – ein Botenstoff mit vielfältigen Funktionen in der Reproduktionsund Ernährungsphysiologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere

Andrea Didier; Tanja P. Neuvians

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1622996

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere, Table of Contents

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2003; 31(06): 294-299
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1622996

Allgemeines

Schattauer GmbH

Leptin – ein Botenstoff mit vielfältigen Funktionen in der Reproduktionsund Ernährungsphysiologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere

Leptin – a messenger with various functions in the physiology of reproduction and nutrition of farm animals

Authors

Andrea Didier

¹Aus dem Lehrstuhl für Physiologie (wissenschaftlicher Leiter: Prof. Dr. H. H. D. Meyer) der Technischen Universität München Weihenstephan
Tanja P. Neuvians

¹Aus dem Lehrstuhl für Physiologie (wissenschaftlicher Leiter: Prof. Dr. H. H. D. Meyer) der Technischen Universität München Weihenstephan

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Die Bedeutung von Leptin und seinem Rezeptor wurde zunächst für die Humanphysiologie erkannt. Grundlegende Erkenntnisse aus diesem Forschungsgebiet konnten anschließend auf dem veterinärmedizinischen Sektor bestätigt und verifiziert werden. Von besonderem Interesse sind hierbei die Beeinflussung des Energie- und Fettstoffwechsels sowie die Modulation des Reproduktionsgeschehens. Da die Wirkung von Leptin nicht isoliert betrachtet werden kann, sondern immer in einem engen Zusammenhang mit den anderen Gliedern in diesen Hormonsystemen zu sehen ist, lassen sich praxisrelevante Erfolge schwerer erzielen als ursprünglich angenommen. Trotzdem stellen Leptin und sein Rezeptor ein interessantes und hochkomplexes Hormonsystem dar, das nach weiterer deskriptiver und grundlagenorientierter Forschung in den kommenden Jahren durchaus in den Mittelpunkt des Praxisinteresses rücken könnte.

Summary

The impact of leptin and its receptor was first acknowledged in human physiology. Basic insights could later be confirmed in the field of veterinary medicine. Especially the manipulation of energy and fat metabolism and the modulation of reproductive function are of high scientific and practical interest. As the function of leptin can not be regarded solely but has to be seen in close context with other members of the hormone cascades, successes with practical impact could not be gained as fast as expected. Nevertheless, leptin and its receptor are a highly complex hormone system, which after further descriptive and basic research, can come into the focus of practical application in the future.

Schlüsselwörter

Energiestoffwechsel - Leptin - Leptinrezeptor - Reproduktionsphysiologie

Keywords

Energy metabolism - Leptin - Leptin receptor - Physiology of reproduction

Full Text

References

Literatur
1 Barb CR, Yan X, Azain MJ, Kraeling RR, Rampacek GB, Ramsay TG. Recombinant porcine leptin reduces feed intake and stimulates growth hormone secretion in swine. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1998; 15 (01) 77-86.
2 Barb CR, Barret JB, Kraeling RR, Rampacek GB. Role of leptin in modulating neuroendocrine function: a metabolic link between the brain-pituitary and adipose tissue. Reprod Dom Anim 1999; 34: 111-25.
3 Blache D, Tellam RL, Chagas LM, Blackberry MA, Vercoe PE, Martin GB. Level of nutrition affects concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in sheep. J Endocrinol 2000; 165: 625-37.
4 Blache D, Chagas LM, Blackberry MA, Vercoe PE, Martin GB. Review. Metabolic factors affecting the reproductive axis in male sheep. J Reprod Fertil 2000; 120: 1-11.
5 Blache D, Celi P, Blackberry MA, Dynes RA, Martin GB. Decrease in voluntary feed intake and pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion after intracerebroventricular infusion of recombinant bovine leptin in mature male sheep. Reprod Fertil Dev 2000; 12: 373-81.
6 Block SS, Butler WR, Ehrhardt RA, Bell AW, Van Amburgh ME, Boisclair YR. Decreased concentration of plasma leptin in periparturient dairy cows is caused by negative energy balance. J Endocrinol 2001; 171: 339-48.
7 Bocquier F, Bonnet M, Faulconnier Y, Guerre-Millo M, Martin P, Chilliard Y. Effects of photoperiod and feeding level on perirenal adipose tissue metabolic activity and leptin synthesis in the ovariectomized ewe. Reprod Nutr Dev 1998; 38: 489-98.
8 Brown BW. A review of nutritional influences on reproduction in boars, bulls and rams. Reprod Nutr Dev 1994; 34: 89-114.
9 Brunner A, Nick H, Cumin F, Chiesi M, Baum H, Whitebeard S, StrickerKongrad AS, Levens N. Leptin is a physiological important regulator of food intake. Int J Obes 1997; 21: 1152-60.
10 Buchbinder A, Lang U, Scott Baker R, Khoury JC, Mershon J, Clark KE. Leptin in the ovine fetus correlates with fetal and placental size. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: 786-91.
11 Cameron ND, Penman J, Mc Cullough E. Serum leptin concentrations in pigs selected for high and low daily food intake. Genet Res 2000; 75: 209-13.
12 Clarke IJ, Tilbrook AJ, Turner AI, Doughton BW, Goding JW. Sex, fat and the tilt of the earth: effects of sex and season on the feeding response to centrally administered leptin in sheep. Endocrinol 2000; 142: 2725-8.
13 Casabiell X, Piniero M, Vega F, De la Cruz LF, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF. Leptin, reproduction and sex steroids. Pituitary 2001; 4: 93-9.
14 Daniel JA, Thomas MG, Hale CS, Simmons JM, Keisler DH. Effect of cerebroventricular infusion of insulin and (or) glucose on hypothalamic expression of leptin receptor and pituitary secretion of LH in diet-restricted ewes. Dom Anim Endocrinol 2000; 18: 177-85.
15 Delavaud C, Bocquier F, Chilliard Y, Keisler DH, Gertler A, Kann G. Plasma leptin determination in ruminants: effect of nutritional status and body fatness on plasma leptin concentration assessed by a specific RIA in sheep. J Endocrinol 2000; 165: 519-26.
16 Devaskar SU, Anthony R, Hay WJR. Ontogeny and insulin regulation of fetal ovine white adipose tissue leptin expression. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002; 282: R431-R438.
17 Dunn TG, Kaltenbach CC. Nutrition and the postpartum interval of the ewe, sow and cow. J Anim Sci 1980; 2: 29-39.
18 Dyer CJ, Simmons JM, Matteri RL, Keisler DH. cDNA cloning and tissue-specific gene expression of ovine leptin NPY-Y1 receptor, and NPY-Y2 receptor. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1997; 14: 295-303.
19 Dyer CJ, Simmons JM, Matteri RL, Keisler DH. Leptin receptor mRNA is expressed in ewe anterior pituitary and adipose tissues and is differentially expressed in hypothalamic regions of well-fed and feed-restricted ewes. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1997; 14: 119-28.
20 Dyer CJ, Simmons JM, Matteri RL, Keisler DH. Effects of an intravenous injection of NPY on leptin and NPY-Y1 receptor mRNA expression in ovine adipose tissue. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1997; 14: 325-33.
21 Ehrhardt RA, Slepetis RM, Siegal-Willott J, Van Amburgh ME, Bell AW, Boisclair YR. Development of a specific redioimmunoassay to measure physiological changes of circulating leptin in cattle and sheep. J Endocrinol 2000; 166: 519-28.
22 Ehrhardt RA, Slepetis RM, Bell AW, Boisclair YR. Maternal leptin is elevated during pregnancy in sheep. Dornest Anim Endocrinol 2001; 21: 85-96.
23 Friedmann JM, Hallas JL. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature 1998; 395: 763-70.
24 Henry BA, Goding JW, Alexander WS, Tilbrock AJ, Canny BJ, Dunshea F, Rao A, Mansell A, Clarke IJ. Central administration of leptin to ovarioectomized ewes inhibits food intake without affecting the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland: Evidence for a dissociation of effects on appetite and neuroendocrine function. Endocrinol 1999; 140: 1175-82.
25 Henry BA, Goding JW, Tilbrook AJ, Dunshea FR, Clarke IJ. Intracerebro-ventricular infusion of leptin elevates the secretion of luteinizing hormone without affecting food intake in long-term food-restricted sheep, but increases growth hormone irrespective of bodyweight. J Endocrinol 2001; 168: 67-77.
26 Houseknecht KL, Baile CA, Matteri RL, Spurlock ME. The biology of leptin: A review. J Anim Sci 1998; 76: 1405-20.
27 Houseknecht KL, Portocarrero CP, Ji S, Lemanger R, Spurlock ME. Growth hormone regulates leptin gene expression in bovine adipose tissue: correlation with adipose IGF-1 expression. J Endocrinol 2000; 164: 51-7.
28 Iqbal J, Pompolo S, Considine RV, Clarke IJ. Localization of leptin receptor-like immunoreactivity in the corticotropes, somatotropes, and gonadotropes in the ovine anterior pituitary. Endocrinol 2000; 141: 1515-20.
29 Kadokawa H, Blache D, Yamada Y, Martin GB. Relationships between changes in plasma concentrations of leptin before and after parturition and the timing of first post-partum ovulation in high-producing Holstein dairy cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2000; 12: 405-11.
30 Kauter K, Ball M, Kearney P, Tellam R, Mc Farlane JR. Adrenaline, insulin and glucagon do not have effects on plasma leptin levels in sheep: development and characterisation of an ovine leptin ELISA. J Endocrinol 2000; 166: 127-35.
31 Laud K, Gourdou I, Bélair L, Keisler DH, Djiane J. Detection and regulation of leptin receptor mRNA in ovine mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy and lactation. FEBS Letters 1999; 463: 194-8.
32 Licinio J, Mantzoros C, Negrao A. Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary-adrenal function. Nat Med 1997; 3: 575-9.
33 Lin J, Barb CR, Matteri Rl, Kraeling RR, Chen X, Meinersmann RJ, Rampacek GB. Long form of leptin receptor mRNA expression in the brain, pituitary and other tissues in the pig. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2000; 19: 53-61.
34 Marie M, Findlay PA, Thomas L, Adam CL. Daily patterns of plasma leptin in sheep: effects of photoperiod and food intake. J Endocrinol 2001; 170: 277-86.
35 Morrison CD, Daniel JA, Holmberg BJ, Djiane J, Raver N, Gertler A, Keisler DH. Central infusion of leptin into well-fed and undernurished ewe lambs: effects on feed intake and serum concentrations of growth hormone and luteinizing hormone. J Endocrinol 2001; 168: 317-24.
36 Nagatani S, Zeng Y, Keisler DH, Foster DL, Jaffe CA. Leptin regulates pulsatile luteinizing hormone and growth hormone secretion in the sheep. Endocrinol 2000; 141: 3965-75.
37 Ozata M, Ozdemir C, Licinio J. Human leptin deficiency caused by a missense mutation: Multiple endrocrine defects, decreased sympathetic tone and immune system dysfunction indicate new targets for leptin action, greater central than peripheral resistance to the effects of leptin and spontaneous correction of leptin mediated defects. J. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3686-96.
38 Popovic V, Damjanovic S, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF. Leptin and the pituitary. Pituitary 2001; 4: 7-14.
39 Pfister-Genskow M, Eggen A, Hayes H, Bishop MD. Bos taurus obese receptor (OB-R) gene, partial cds.. 1997. GenBank Accession N°; U62385.
40 Ramsay TG. Porcine leptin alters insulin inhibition of lipolysis in porcine adipocytes in vitro. J Anim Sci 2001; 79: 653-7.
41 Ramsay TG, Yan X, Morrison C. The obesity gene in swine: Sequence and expression of porcine leptin. J Anim Sci 1998; 76: 484-90.
42 Randel RD. Nutrition and postpartum rebreeding in cattle. J Anim Sci 1990; 68: 853-62.
43 Reist M. Characterization of high yielding dairy cows with regard to stability of metabolism and reproduction. Diss med vet. Zürich: 2001
44 Roberts TJ, Nijland MJ, Caston-Balderrama A, Ross MG. Central leptin stimulates ingestive behavior and urine flow in the near term ovine fetus. Horm Metab Res 2001; 33: 144-50.
45 Spicer LJ, Francisco CC. Adipose obese gene product, leptin, inhibits bovine ovarian thecal cell steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod 1998; 58: 207-12.
46 Spicer LJ, Chamberlain CS, Francisco CC. Ovarian action of leptin: effects on insulin-like growth factor-I-stimulated function of granulosa and thecal cells. Endocrine 2000; 12: 53-9.
47 Spicer LJ. Leptin: a possible metabolic signal affecting reproduction. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2001; 21: 251-70.
48 Tartaglia LA, Dembski M, Weng X, Deng N, Culpepper J, Devos R, Richards GJ, Campfield LA, Clark FT, Deeds J. Identification and expression cloning of leptin receptor OB-R. Cell 1995; 83: 1263-71.
49 Tellam RL, Briscoe S, Vuocolo A. Bos taurus obese mRNA, complete cds.. GenBank 1996; Accession N°; U43943.
50 Tellam RL. Bos taurus leptin (obese) gene, complete cds.. GenBank 1997; Accession N°; U50365.
51 Thomas L, Wallace JM, Aitken RP, Mercer JG, Trayhurn P, Hoggard N. Circulating leptin during ovine pregnancy in relation to maternal nutrition, body composition and pregnancy outcome. J Endocrinol 2001; 169: 465-76.
52 Tsuchiya T, Nagao Y, Ozawa A, Matsumoto M, Sugahara K, Kubo T, Kato H. Decrease of the obese gene expression in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue by fasting. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1998; 62: 2068-9.
53 Utsunomiya K, Yanagihara N, Tachikawa E, Cheah TB, Kajiwara K, Toyohira Y, Ueno S, Izumi F. Stimulation of catecholamine synthesis in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells by leptin. J Neurochem 2001; 76: 926-34.
54 Walder K, Fillipis A, Clark S, Zimmet P, Collier GR. Leptin inhibits insulin binding in isolated rat adipocytes. J Endocrinol 1997; 155 (03) 5-7.
55 Williams LM, Adam CL, Mercer JG, Moar KM, Slater D, Hunter L, Findlay PA, Hoggard N. Leptin receptor and neuropeptide Y gene expression in the sheep brain. J Neuroendocrinol 1999; 11: 165-9.
56 Yuen BSJ, McMillen IC, Symonds ME, Owens PC. Abundance of leptin mRNA in fetal adipose tissue is related to fetal body weight. J Endocrinol 1999; 163: R11-R14.
57 Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffaei M, Barone M, Leoapold L, Friedmann JM. Positional cloning of the mouse ob gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-32.