Schlafbezogene Bewegungsstörungen und Parasomnien

Zusammenfassung

Schlafbezogene Bewegungsstörungen und Parasomnien sind häufig genetisch bedingt, treten als komorbide oder assoziierte Erkrankungen bei körperlichen Erkrankungen oder anderen Schlafstörungen auf und können durch viele Medikamente ausgelöst werden. Sie sind meistens klinisch diagnostizierbar, sollten aber im Schlaflabor untersucht werden, wenn die Standardtherapien nicht erfolgreich sind, selbstoder fremdgefährdende nächtliche Verhaltensweisen oder vermehrte Tagesschläfrigkeit auftreten. Während die schlafbezogenen Bewegungsstörungen wie Restless Legs Syndrom und Bruxismus sehr häufig in der Bevölkerung auftreten, handelt es sich bei den Parasomnien um weniger häufig auftretende Erkrankungen, die zudem in ihrer medizinischen Bedeutung oft unterschätzt werden. Die Erforschung der REM Schlafverhaltensstörung, die zu mehr als 70% neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen jahrelang vorausgeht, hat dazu geführt, die Parasomnien in der Neurologie wieder stärker zu beachten.

Summary

Sleep related movement disorders and parasomnias are frequently of genetic origin, occur as comorbid or associated disorders in organic and sleep disorders, and can be triggered by multiple medications.Their diagnosis is mainly clinical. Diagnostic evaluation in a sleep laboratory should be performed if the standard therapies are not successful, or if they are accompanied by injurious nocturnal behavior or excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep related movement disorders such as the restless legs syndrome and nocturnal bruxism occur frequently in the general population, whereas the parasomnias are less frequent, and often underestimated in their medical impact. Recent investigations have shown that the REM sleep behaviour disorder is preceding neurodegenerative disorders in 70%, and have raised new interest for this disorder in the field of neurology.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlafbezogene Bewegungsstörungen - Parasomnien - Pathophysiologie - Klinik - Diagnostik - Therapie

Keywords

Sleep related movement disorders - parasomnias - pathophysiology - symptoms - diagnosis - therapy

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