Haarerkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

Haarerkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugend-alter umfassen eine breite Differenzialdiagnose und stellen für den behandelnden Dermatologen und Kinderarzt häufig eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Die korrekte Einordnung der Haarerkrankung, insbesondere bei Stoffwechselstörungen und genetischen oder endokrinen Erkrankungen, ist in vielen Fällen eine wichtige Voraussetzung für eine normale körperliche und seelische Entwicklung der kleinen Patienten.

Summary

Hair disorders in childhood and adolescence cover a broad range of differential diagnoses. Diagnosis and treatment frequently challenges the involved dermatologists and paediatricians. The correct classification of the hair disease, especially in the case of underlying genetic syndromes, metabolic defects or endocrinologic disorders, is an important prerequisite for the continued normal physical and mental development of the young patients.

Schlüsselwörter

Alopezie - Hypertrichose - Haarausfall - Haarschaftanomalie - Vernarbung

Keywords

Alopecia - hypertrichosis - hair loss - hair shaft anomaly - scarring

• Literatur

• 1 Blume-Peytavi U, Föhles J, Schulz R. et al. Hypotrichosis, hair structure defects, hypercysteine hair and glucosuria: a new genetic syndrome?. Br J Dermatol 1996; 134: 319-324.
• 2 Blume-Peytavi U, Mandt N. Hair shaft abnormalities. In: Hordinsky M, Sawaya M, Scher S. (eds). Atlas of the Hair and Nails. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2000: 105-119.
• 3 Botta E, Offmann J, Nardo T. et al. Mutations in the C7orf11 (TTDN1) gene in six nonphotosensitive trichothiodystrophy patients: no obvious geno-type-phenotype relationships. Human Mutat 2007; 28: 92-96.
• 4 Chavanas S, Garner C, Bodemer C. et al. A localization of the Netherton syndrome gene to chromo-some 5q32, by linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66: 914-921.
• 5 Crowder JA, Frieden IJ, Price VH. Alopecia areata in infants and newborns. Pediatr Dermatol 2002; 19: 155-158.
• 6 Cutrone M, Grimalt R. Transient neonatal hair loss: a common transient neonatal dermatosis. Eur J Pediatr 2005; 164: 630-632.
• 7 Devliotou-Panagiotidou D, Koussidou-Eremondi TH. Efficacy and tolerability of 8 weeks’ treatment with terbinafine in children with tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis: a comparison of three doses. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18: 155-159.
• 8 Ead RD. Oral zinc sulphate in alopecia areata – a double blind trial. Brit J Dermatol 1981; 10: 483.
• 9 Freyschmidt-Paul P, Happle R, Hoffmann R. Alopecia areata. Clinical aspects, pathogenesis and rational therapy of a T-cell-induced autoimmune disease. Hautarzt 2003; 54: 713-722.
• 10 Freyschmidt-Paul P, McElwee K, Hoffmann R. Alopecia areata. In: Hair Growth and Disorders. Blume-Peytavi U, Tosti A, Whiting D, Trüeb R. (eds). Springer; 2008: 308-328.
• 11 Freyschmidt-Paul P, Happle R, Hoffmann R. Alopecia areata in animal models – new insights into pathogenesis and treatment of a T cell-mediated auto-immune disorder. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2004; 2: 260-273.
• 12 Hamm H. Hair diseases in childhood. Ther Umsch 2002; 59: 223-227.
• 13 Hamm H, Traupe H. Loose anagen hair of childhood: the phenomenon of easily pluckable hair. J Am Acad Derm 1989; 20: 242-248.
• 14 Hantash BM, Schwartz RA. Traction alopecia in children. Cutis 2003; 71: 18-20.
• 15 Happle R, Koopman RJJ. Becker nevus syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1997; 68: 357.
• 16 Hoffmann R. TrichoScan. A new instrument for digital hair analysis. Hautarzt 2002; 53: 798-804.
• 17 Karincaoglu Y, Coskun BK, Seyhan ME. Monilethrix: improvement with acitretin. Am J Clin Dermatol 2005; 6: 407-410.
• 18 Lamartine J. Towards a new classification of ectodermal dysplasias. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28: 351-355.
• 19 Mandt N, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U. Differential diagnosis of hair loss in children. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2004; 2: 399-411.
• 20 Mondello D, Nardo T, Giliani S. et al. Molecular analysis of the XP-D gene in Italian families with patients affected by trichothiodystrophy in xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XP-D). Mutat Res 1994; 314: 159-165.
• 21 McKusick V. Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Catalogs of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994
• 22 Pinheiro M, Freire-Maia N. Ectodermal dysplasias: a clinical classification and a causal review. Am J Med Genet 1994; 53: 153-162.
• 23 Price VH. Androgenetic alopecia in adolescents. Cutis 2003; 71: 115-121.
• 24 Price VH, Gummer CL. Loose anagen syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 20: 249-256.
• 25 Priolo M, Silengo M, Lerone M. et al. Ectodermal dysplasias: not only ‘skin’ deep. Clin Genet 2000; 58: 415-430.
• 26 Porteous ME, Strain L, Logie LJ. et al. Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans: confirmation of linkage to Xp22.13-p22.2. J Med Genet 1998; 35: 336-337.
• 27 Reed OM, Mellette JR, Fitzpatrick JE. Familial cervical hypertrichosis with underlying kyphoscoliosis. J Am Acad Derm 1989; 20: 1069-1072.
• 28 Rogers M. Hair shaft abnormalities: Part I. Australas J Dermatol 1995; 36 (04) 179-184 quiz 185-186.
• 29 Rose Ch, Völger S, Blume-Peytavi U, Föhles J, Götte R. Menkes-Syndrom mit myopathischen Veränderungen. pädiatr praxis 1997; 53: 115-122.
• 30 Ross EK, Vincenzi C, Tosti A. Videodermoscopy in the evaluation of hair and scalp disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55: 799-806.
• 31 Seebacher C, Abeck D, Brasch J. et al. Tinea capitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2006; 4: 1085-1091.
• 32 Shimomura Y, Sakamoto F, Kariya N. et al. Mutations in the desmoglein 4 gene are associated with monilethrix-like congenital hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126: 1281-1285.
• 33 Stevens HP, Kelsell DP, Bryant SP. et al. Linkage of monilethrix to the trichocyte and epithelial keratin gene cluster on 12q11-q13. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106: 795-797.
• 34 Sivasundram A. A case of monilethrix treated with etretinate. Dermatology 1995; 190: 89.
• 35 Taylor EM, Broughton BC, Botta E. et al. Xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy are associated with different mutations in the XPD (ERCC2) repair/transcription gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 8658-8663.
• 36 Traupe H, Happle R. Etretinate therapy in children with severe keratinization defects. Eur J Pediatr 1985; 143: 166-169.
• 37 Tumer Z, Tommerup N, Tonnesen T. et al. Mapping of the Menkes locus to Xq13.3 distal to the X-inactivation center by an intrachromosomal insertion of the segment Xq13.3-q21.2. Hum Genet 1992; 88: 668-672.
• 38 Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U. Biology of the human hair follicle. New knowledge and the clinical significance. Hautarzt 2003; 54: 692-698.
• 39 Walsh KH, McDougle CJ. Trichotillomania. Presentation, etiology, diagnosis and therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001; 2: 327-333.
• 40 Whiting DA. Localized trichorrhexis nodosa. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 20: 854.
• 41 Wiederholt T, Poblete-Gutierrez P, Frank J. Genetically induced hair diseases. Hautarzt 2003; 54: 723-731.