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Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2012; 12(04): 205-210
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1629200
Endokrinologie
Schattauer GmbH

Autoimmunerkrankungen der Schilddrüse im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Autoimmune thyroid disorders in children and adolescents
B. Karges
1   Sektion Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, RWTH Aachen;
2   Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Bethlehem Krankenhaus, Stolberg
,
H. Kentrup
2   Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Bethlehem Krankenhaus, Stolberg
,
W. Karges
1   Sektion Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, RWTH Aachen;
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht am:15. Mai 2012

angenommen am:31. Mai 2012

Publikationsdatum:
31. Januar 2018 (online)

    Lizenzen und Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Autoimmunerkrankungen der Schilddrüse zählen zu den häufigsten endokrinen Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Autoimmunthyreoiditis (AIT) ist die häufigste Ursache einer erworbenen Hypothyreose und einer Struma, der M. Basedow die häufigste Ursache einer Hyperthyreose. Beide Diagnosen werden gestellt durch den Nachweis spezi-fischer Autoantikörper im Serum und den charakteristischen sonografischen Befund. Die Schilddrüse kann normal groß, vergrößert oder verkleinert sein. Die Abgrenzung zwischen AIT und M. Basedow ist in den meisten Fällen anhand von klinischen und diagnostischen Merkmalen möglich. Therapeutisch im Vordergrund stehen der Ausgleich vorhandener Funktionsstörungen der Schilddrüse und die Erkennung und Behandlung möglicher Komorbiditäten. In dieser Übersicht werden Grundlagen, Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie von AIT und M. Basedow einschließlich des perinatalen Managements praxisnah dargestellt und diskutiert.

Summary

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are one of the most frequent endocrine disorders in children and adolescents. Autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) is the most frequent cause of acquired hypothyroidism and goiter, Graves´ disease the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism. Diagnostic criteria of both disorders are the detection of specific auto-antibodies against thyroid antigens in serum and the characteristic signs of thyroid ultrasound. The size of the thyroid gland may be normal, enlarged or reduced. Using clinical and diagnostic parameters, discrimination between AT and Graves´ disease is possible in most cases. The aim of therapy is to restore euthyroid thyroid function and to detect and treat possible comorbidities. In this review, basic principles, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in AT and Graves´ disease including perinatal management are presented and discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Autoimmunthyreoiditis - Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis - Morbus Basedow - Autoimmunhyper -thyreose

Keywords

Autoimmune thyroiditis - Hashimoto thyroiditis - Graves` disease - autoimmune hyperthyroidism
 

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