Die Entwicklung des Skelettsystems im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

DasLängenwachstum des Knochens wird hauptsächlich durch die Chondrozyten in der proliferativen und der hypertrophen Zone der Wachstumsfuge bewerkstelligt. Dies wird durch systemische, lokale und mechanische Faktoren kon-trolliert. Es muss ein Rückkopplungsmechanismus bestehen, der sicherstellt, dass das Knochenwachstum in Rich-tungder vorherrschenden Kräfte verläuft. Wie dies funktioniert, ist derzeit aber noch unklar. Längenwachstum verringert die Knochenstabilität,doch wird dies durch das gleichzeitige Knochenwachstum in die Breite ausgeglichen. Breitenwachstum erfolgt durchperiostale Apposition, was die Aufgabe der periostalen Osteoblastenist. Diese Zellen werden vor allem von lokalen Faktoren kontrolliert, die allerdings durch systemisch wirkende Signale moduliert werden. Künftige Forschung muss sich der Frage annehmen, wie periostale Knochenzellen mechanische, hormonelle und andere Einflüsse integrieren und damit eine ausreichende Knochenfestigkeit sicherstellen.

Summary

Bone growth in length is primarily achieved through the action of chondrocytes in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate.Longitudinal growth is controlled by systemic, local paracrine and local mechanical factors. A feedback mechanism must exist which ensures that bone growth proceeds in the direction of the predominant mechanical forces. How this works is unknown at present. Bone growth in length is detrimental to bone stability, but this effect is counteracted by concomitant bone growth in width. This occurs through periosteal apposition, which is the responsibility of periosteal osteoblasts. The action of these cells is mainly controlled by local factors, with modulation by systemic agents.Future research will have to address the question how periosteal bone cells manage to integrate mechanical, hormonal and other input to shape bones that are as strong as they need to be.

Schlüsselwörter

Wachstumsfuge - Osteoporose - Periost

Keywords

Growth plate - osteoporosis - periosteum

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