Summary
Fibrotic contracture of the canine infraspinatus muscle (FCIM) is considered a rare
musculotendineous disorder mainly affecting hunting dogs. After an acute onset of
a painful non-weight bearing lameness, the initial pain and lameness improve over
a period of one to four weeks, after which a characteristic circumducted gait abnormality
develops in the forelimb. The initial injury to the infraspinatus muscle is not fully
recognized or correctly interpreted in most cases, at least not with regard to its
potential as a precursor of myopathy and FCIM. A mixed breed hunting dog developed
an acute and extremely painful swelling of the infraspinatus muscle. The injury was
easily recognized during clinical examination. The clinical signs were interpreted
as an osteo-fascial compartment syndrome (OFCS) of the infraspinatus muscle. Immediate
surgical decompression of the osteo-fascial compartment to prevent development of
FCIM was undertaken. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of
the injured infrapinatus muscle revealed tissue changes that indicated acute muscle
rupture, without any signs of an initiating degenerative process. On the day following
surgery the dog was fully weight bearing. Restriction of activity for four weeks was
recommended. Eight months after the initial injury, the dog had completely recovered
and had full days of vigorous exercise and hunting activity without any apparent lameness.
The findings in this case suggested that the infraspinatus muscle may be considered
to be an osteo-fascial compartment in dogs and must be added to the list of compartments
that may pose a potential risk for OFCS in the canine extremity.
Keywords
Canine - compartment syndrome - infraspinatus muscle
