Thromb Haemost 1990; 63(02): 259-264
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1645205
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart

A Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 from a Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line, PL-21, Binds to the Carboxy-Terminal Chain of Plasminogen Activators

Tetsuo Takeuchi
The Department of Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
,
Kenji Niiya
The Department of Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
,
Ichiro Kubonishi
The Department of Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
,
Isao Miyoshi
The Department of Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received 15 August 1989

Accepted after revision 21 December 1989

Publication Date:
02 July 2018 (online)

Summary

A promyelocytic leukemia cell line, PL-21, was found to produce an inhibitor of plasminogen activators (PAI). The PAI reacted to anti-PAl-2 but not anti-PAI-1 anti-serum and had an apparent molecular weight of 43 kDa on unreduced SDS-PAGE. The PAI inhibited not only urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) but single- and two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activators (t-PAs) on plasminogen-containing fibrin plate. It formed SDS-stable complexes with both t-PA and u-PA but not with prourokinase as demonstrated by both fibrin zymography and immunoblotting using anti-PA and anti-PAI-2 antisera after SDS-PAGE. These complexes were still present even after reduction with dithiothreitol. The PAI appears to bind to the carboxy-terminal chain of both PAs, because the part of the band corresponding to the carboxy-terminal chain of PAs moved to an upper position as a result of complex formation when two-chain form of PAs were incubated with the PAI and analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting

 
  • References

  • 1 Unkeless JC, Gordon S, Reich E. Secretion of plasminogen activator by stimulated macrophages. J Exp Med 1974; 139: 834-850
  • 2 Granelli-Piperno A, Vassalli JD, Reich E. Secretion of plasminogen activator by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: modulation by glucocorticoids and other effectors. J Exp Med 1977; 146: 1693-1706
  • 3 Wilson EL, Jacobs R, Dowdle EB. The secretion of plasminogen activators by human myeloid leukemic cells in vitro. Blood 1983; 61: 568-574
  • 4 Vassalli JD, Daver JM, Wohlwend A, Belin D. Concomitant secretion of prourokinase and of a plasminogen activator-specific inhibitor by cultured human monocytes/macrophages. J Exp Med 1984; 159: 1653-1668
  • 5 Saksela O, Hovi T, Vaheri A. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor secreted by cultured human monocyte-macrophages. J Cell Physiol 1985; 122: 125-132
  • 6 Kopitar M, Rozman B, Babnik J, Turk V, Mullins DE. Wun T-C. Human leukocyte urokinase inhibitor. Purification, characterization and comparative studies against different plasminogen activators. Thromb Haemostas 1985; 54: 750-755
  • 7 Kruithof EK O, Vassalli JD, Schleuning WD, Mattaliano RJ, Bachmann F. Purification and characterization of a plasminogen activator inhibitor from the histiocytic lymphoma cell line U-937. J Biol Chcm 1986; 261: 11207-11213
  • 8 Kubonishi E, Ohtsuki Y, Machida K, Agatsuma Y, Tokuoka H, Iwata T, Miyoshi I. Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as mediastinal tumor: Report of a case and cytological and cytochemical studies of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. Am J Clin Pathol 1984; 82: 730-733
  • 9 Kubonishi I, Miyoshi I. Establishment of a Ph1 chromosome-positive cell from chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. Int J Cell Cloning 1983; 1: 105-117
  • 10 Kubonishi I, Machida K, Niiya K, Sonobe H, Ohtsuki Y, Iwata K, Miyoshi I. Establishment of a new peroxidase-positive human myeloid cell line. PL-21. Blood 1984; 63: 254-259
  • 11 Lin SF, Sasaki R, Aoki T, Takaku F, Miura Y, Saito K, Kubonishi I. Assay conditions of glucocorticoid receptors in human leukemic cells. Acta Haematol Jpn 1984; 47: 1277-1279
  • 12 Miyoshi I, Hiraki S, Tsubota X, Kubonishi I, Matsuda Y, Nakayama T, Kishimoto H, Kimura I, Masuji H. Human B cell, T cell and null cell leukemic cell lines derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Nature (London) 1977; 267: 843-844
  • 13 Kubonishi I, Niiya K, Miyoshi I. Establishment of a new human lymphoma cell line that secretes a plasminogen activator. Jpn J Cancer Res (Gann) 1985; 76: 12-15
  • 14 Miyoshi I, Kubonishi I, Yoshimoto S, Akagi X, Ohtsuki Y, Shiraishi Y, Nagata K, Hinuma Y. Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by coeultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukemic T cells. Nature (London) 1981; 294: 770-771
  • 15 Dosne AM, Dupuy E, Bodevin E. Production of a fibrinolytic inhibitor by cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein. Thromb Res 1978; 12: 377-387
  • 16 Esnard F, Dupuy E, Dosne AM, Bodevin E. Partial characterization of a fibrinolytic inhibitor produced by cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein. Thromb Haemostas 1982; 47: 128-131
  • 17 Loskutoff DJ, Van Mourik JA, Erickson LA, Lawrence D. Detection of an unusually stable fibrinolytic inhibitor produced by bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 2956-2960
  • 18 Kawano T, Morimoto K, Uemura Y. Urokinase inhibitor in human placenta. Nature 1968; 217: 253-254
  • 19 Åstedt B, Lecander I, Brodin T, Lundblad A, Löw K. Purification of a specific placental plasminogen activator inhibitor by monoclonal antibody and its complex formation with plasminogen activator. Thromb Haemostas 1985; 53: 122-125
  • 20 Wun TC, Reich E. An inhibitor of plasminogen activator from human placenta. J Biol Chcm 1987; 262: 3646-3653
  • 21 Scott RW, Baker JB. Purification of human protease nexin. J Biol Chem 1983; 258: 10439-10444
  • 22 Golder JP, Stephens RW. Minactivin: A human monocyte product which specifically inactivates urokinase-type plasminogen activators. Eur J Biochem 1983; 136: 517-522
  • 23 Stephens RW, Golder JP, Fayle DR J, Hume DA, Hapel AJ, Allan W, Fordham CJ, Doe WF. Minactivin expression in human monocyte and macrophage populations. Blood 1985; 66: 333-337
  • 24 Chapman HA, Stone OL. Characterization of a macrophage-derived plasminogen-activator inhibitor. Similarities with placental urokinase inhibitor. Biochem J 1985; 230: 109-116
  • 25 Medicalf RL, Van den Berg E, Schleuning ED. Glucocorticoid-modulated gene expression of tissue and urinary-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2. J Cell Biol 1988; 106: 971-978
  • 26 Kasai S, Arimura H, Nishida M, Suyama T. Proteolytic cleavage of single-chain pro-urokinase induces conformational change which follows activation of the zymogen and reduction of its high affinity for fibrin. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 12377-12381
  • 27 Kasai S, Arimura H, Nishida M, Suyama T. Primary structure of single-chain pro-urokinase. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 12382-12389
  • 28 Astrup T, Mullertz S. The fibrin plate method for estimating fibrinolytic activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 1952; 40: 346-351
  • 29 Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural protein during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London) 1970; 227: 680-685
  • 30 Granelli-Piperno A, Rich E. A study of proteases and protease-inhibitor complexes in biological fluids. J Exp Med 1978; 146: 223-234
  • 31 Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76: 4350-4354
  • 32 Sprengers ED, Princen HM G, Kooistra T, Van Hinsbergh VM. Inhibition of plasminogen activators by conditioned medium of human hepatocytes and hepatoma cell line Hep G2. J Lab Clin Med 1985; 105: 751-758
  • 33 Coleman PL, Barouski PA, Gelehrter TD. The dexamethasone-induced inhibitor of fibrinolytic activity in hepatoma cells. A cellular product which specifically inhibits plasminogen activation. J Biol Chem 1982; 257: 4260-4264
  • 34 Cwikel BJ, Barouski-Miller PA, Coleman PL, Gelehrter TG. Dexamethasone induction of an inhibitor of plasminogen activator in HTC hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem 1984; 259: 6847-6851
  • 35 Ny T, Bjersing L, Hsueh AJ W, Loskutoff DJ. Cultured granulosa cells produce two plasminogen activators and an anti activator, each regulated differently by gonadotropins. Endocrinology 1985; 116: 1666-1668
  • 36 Schleef RR, Sinha M, Loskutoff DJ. Immunoradiometric assay to measure the binding of a specific inhibitor to tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Lab Clin Med 1985; 106: 408-415
  • 37 Erickson LA, Ginsberg MH, Loskutoff DJ. Detection and partial characterization of an inhibitor plasminogen activator in human platelets. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 1465-1472
  • 38 Lecancer I, Åstedt B. Isolation of a new specific plasminogen activator inhibitor from pregnancy plasma. Br J Haematol 1986; 62: 221-228
  • 39 Scott RW, Bergman BL, Gajpai A, Hersh RT, Rodriguez H, Jones BN, Barreda C, Watts S, Baker JB. Protease nexin. Properties and a modified purification procedure. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 7029-7034
  • 40 Collins SJ, Gallor C, Gallagher RE. Continuous growth and differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells in suspension culture. Nature 1977; 270: 347-349
  • 41 Takeda K, Minowada J, Bloch A. Kinetics of appearance of differentiation-associated characteristics in ML-1, a line of human myeloblastic leukemic cell lines, after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or 1-B-D-arabinofuranylcytosine. Cancer Res 1982; 42: 5152-5158
  • 42 Tsuchiya S, Yamabe M, Yamaguchi Y, Kobayashi Y, Konno T, Tada K. Establishment and characterization of a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). Int J Cancer 1980; 26: 171-176
  • 43 Kubonishi I, Ohtsuki Y, Miyagi T, Yoshimoto S, Akagi T, Miyoshi I. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical observations of differentiation of human myeloid leukemia line, PT.-21. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1986; 111: 203-208
  • 44 Carrell R, Travis J. αl-antitrypsin and the serpins: Variation and countervariation. Trends Biochem Sci 1985; 10: 20-24
  • 45 Andreasen PA, Riccio A, Welinder KG, Douglas R, Sartorio R, Nielsen LS, Oppenheimer C, Blasi F, Kan K. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1: reactive center and amino-terminal heterogeneity determined by protein and cDNA sequencing. FEBS Lett 1986; 209: 213-228
  • 46 Holmes WE, Nelle L, Lijnen HR, Collen D. Primary structure of human α2-antiplasmin, a serine protease inhibitor (serpin). J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 1659-1664
  • 47 Kiso U, Kaudewitz H, Henschen A, Åstedt B, Kruithof EK O, Bachmann F. Determination of intermediates, products and cleavage site in the reaction between plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 and urokinase. FEBS Lett 1988; 230: 51-56