Virus Infection and Blood Coagulation^[*]

Summary

By means of a new model, the fowl plague of chickens, further evidence is given that viruses may trigger blood coagulation. Macroscopically, hemorrhages were observed, whereas microscopic studies revealed platelet and fibrin thrombi in the small vessels of various organs. Hematologic studies demonstrated an increase in the clotting time and a decrease in the activities of clotting factors I, II, VIII and X, and drop in platelet counts. Heparin could diminish the hemorrhages but did not influence the survival time of the animals.

• References

• 1 McKay D. G, Margaretten W. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Virus Diseases. Arch, intern. Med 120: 129 1967;
• 2 Chatterjea J. B. Hematological and Biochemical Studies in Kyasanur Forest Disease. Indian J. med. Res 51: 419 1963;
• 3 Weiss H. J, Halstead S. B. Studies of Hemostasis in Thai Hemorrhagic Fever. J. Pediat 66: 918 1965;
• 4 Halstead S. B, Buescher E. L. Hemorrhagic Disease in Rodents Infected with Virus Associated with Thai Hemorrhagic Fever. Science 134: 475 1961;
• 5 Weiss H. J, Halstead S. B, Buss S. B. Hemorrhagic Disease in Rodents Caused by Chikungunya Virus. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 119: 427 1965;
• 6 McKay D. G, Phillips L. L, Kaplan H, Henson J. B. Chronic Intravascular Coagulation in Aleutian Disease of Mink. Amer. J. Path 50: 899 1967;
• 7 Debbie J. G, Rowsell H. C, Karstad L. H, Ditchfield J. An Approach to the Pathogenesis of Viral Hemorrhagic Disease of Deer. Transactions of the Thirtieth North American Wildlife and Natural Resources conference (1965).
• 8 Henne H. Untersuchungen über die II. Blutgerinnungsphase des Huhnes (mit homologen und heterologen Reagenzien). Diss. München (1967).
• 9 Hartert H. Blutgerinnungsstudien mit der Thrombelast ographie, einem neuen Unter suchungs-verfahren. Klin. Wschr 26: 577 1948;
• 10 Jürgens J. Über das Verhalten antithrombischer Substanzen bei Erkrankungen der Leber. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med 200: 67 1952;
• 11 Page R. L, Russel H. K. Prothrombin Estimation Using Russel Viper Venom. J. Lab. clin. Med 26: 1366 1941;
• 12 Ratnoff O. D, Menzie C. A New Method for the Determination of Fibrinogen in Small Samples of Plasma. J. Lab. clin. Med 37: 316 1951;
• 13 Koller F, Loelinger A, Duckert F. Experiments on a New Clotting Factor (Factor VII). Actahaemat. (Basel) 6: 1 1951;
• 14 Hardisty R. M, Macpherson J. C. A One-Stage Factor VIII (Antihaemophilic Globulin) Assay and its Use on Venous and Capillary Blood. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. (Stuttg.) 7: 215 1962;
• 15 Fonio A, Schwenderer J. Die Thrombozyten des menschlichen Blutes. Bern 1942.
• 16 Adams C. W. M. A P-Dimethylaminobenzaldehydnitrite Method for the Histochemical Demonstration of Tryptophan and Related Compounds. J. clin. Path 10: 56 1957;
• 17 Deutsch E. Die Hemmkörperphilie. Wien 1950.
• 18 Röhrer H. Die wichtigsten Viruserkrankungen der Haustiere. Berlin 1962.
• 19 Fritzsche K, Gerricks E. Geflügelkrankheiten. Berlin und Hamburg 1962.
• 20 Lasch H.-G, Heene D, Huth K, Sandritter W. Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestation and Therapy of Consumption-Coagulopathy. Amer. J. Cardiol 20: 381 1967;
• 21 Shainoff J. R, Page J. H. Cofibrins and Fibrin-Intermediates as Indicators of Thrombin Activity in Vivo. Circulat. Res 8: 1013 1960;
• 22 Hardaway R. M. Syndroms of DIC. Springfield 1966.
• 23 Lasch H.-G, Sessner H. H, Spohn K, Kolb E, Heinzel J, Kratzert R. Blutgerinnung bei tiefer Hypothermie, langdauerndem Herz-Kreislauf st iiistand und bei Wiederbelebung. Klin. Wschr 37: 182 1959;
• 24 Gottschalk A. On the Mechanism Underlying Initiation of Influenca Virus Infection. Ergebn. Mikrobiol 32: 1 1959;
• 25 Cohen J, Kaminsky E, Joshua H, Whibansky C, Wohnz A, de Vries A. Action of Newcastle Disease Virus on Human Blood Platelets. Thrombos. Diathes. haemorrh. (Stuttg.) 16: 430 1966;
• 26 Lasch H.-G, Róka L, Heene D. Experimental Intravascular Clotting. In: Koller F, Duckert F, Streuli F. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Thromboembolic Diseases. 533 Stuttgart; 1966