Physiologische und pathophysiologische Grundlagen der Kohlenhydrathomöostase

Zusammenfassung

Die Kontrolle der Blutglukosekonzentration erfolgt durch eine Vielzahl von Regulationsmechanismen, deren Effizienz sich beim gesunden Organismus in einer nur sehr schmalen Bandbreite der Schwankungen der Blutglukosekonzentration manifestiert. Neben Insulin sind nicht nur eine Vielzahl anderer Hormone, wie Glukagon, Katecholamine, Glukokortikoide und Wachstumshormon, sondern auch zentralnervöse Steuerungsmechanismen an der Aufrechterhaltung der Glukosehomöostase beteiligt. Aufgabe dieser Kontrollsysteme ist es, trotz intermittierender Nahrungszufuhr und zeitlich davon unabhängigem, aber ebenfalls intermittierendem Energiebedarf, Hypo- und Hyperglykämien zu verhindern. Die Kenntnis dieser integrativen Steuerung des Metabolismus der Einzelorgane im Rahmen des Gesamtorganismus stellt die Voraussetzung für diagnostische und therapeutische Überlegungen bei mit Störungen der Stoffwechselhomöostase einhergehenden pathologischen Zuständen dar.

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