Der Einfluss der Gesamt-Ernährung auf die Knochengesundheit

Zusammenfassung

Die Ernährungs-Forschung im Gebiet der Osteologie hat über Jahrzehnte die Wirkung von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln und Nährsubstanzen auf den Knochen aufgezeigt, und dies in allen Altersklassen. Das hat zur Erkenntnis geführt, dass z. Bsp. Milchprodukte, Früchte und Gemüse, genügend Protein und Kalziumreiche Mineralwasser der Knochendichte förderlich sind. Aber davon praktische Ernährungs-Empfehlungen abzuleiten, bleibt schwierig.

Nun sind aber in den letzten 15 Jahren zahlreiche Arbeiten – auch gross angelegte epidemiologische Studien - erschienen, welche verschiedene Ernährungs-Profile in Bezug auf die Knochengesundheit untersucht haben. Daraus ging hervor, dass eine Ernährung mit viel Früchten und Gemüsen, fettarmen Milchprodukten und mässig Fleisch die Knochendichte und sogar die Häufigkeit von Hüftfrakturen günstig beeinfllusst. Darunter findet sich auch die Mittelmeerdiät, während die vegetarische, und vor allem die veganische Diät die Gefahr von Osteoporose erhöhen wegen ihres niedrigen Kalzium- und Proteingehaltes.

Summary

Over decades the nutritional research in the field of bone has demonstrated the effect of various nutrients on bone, at all ages. This lead to the recognition of the beneficial bone effects of e.g. dairy products, fruits and vegetables, adequate protein intake and calcium-rich mineral waters. But it is difficult to derive practical recommendations from this knowledge.

In the last 15 years several studies - including large epidemiologic studies – have been published, which examined the effect of whole nutritional patterns or profiles on bone health. They showed that a nutrition rich in fruits and vegetables, low fat dairy products and moderate meat intake is associated with higher bone density, and even with lower incidence of hip fractures. Among these food patterns figures the Mediterranean Diet, while vegetarian diets, in particular the vegan diet, increase the risk of osteoporosis because of their low content of protein and Calcium.

Schlüsselwörter

Knochendichte - Hüftfraktur-Risiko - Ernährung - Nahrungsprofile - Mittelmeerdiät - Früchte und Gemüse

Keywords

Bone mineral density - hip fracture risk - nutrition - nutritional patterns - Mediterranean diet - fruits and vegetables

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