Structural Mobility of Antithrombin and its Modulation by Heparin

• References

• 1 Bray B, Lane DA, Freyssinet JM, Pejler G, Lindahl U. Antithrombin activities of heparin. Effect of saccharide chain length on thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II and by antithrombin. Biochem. J 1989; 262 (01) 225-232
• 2 Choay J, Petitou M, Lormeau JC, Sinay P, Casu B, Gatti G. Structure activity relationship in heparin : a synthetic pentasaccharide with high affinity for antithrombin III and eliciting high anti-factor Xa activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 1983; 116: 492-499
• 3 Lindahl U, Thunberg L, Backstrom G, Riesenfeld J, Nordling K, Bjork I. Extension and structural variability of the anti thrombin binding sequence in heparin. J. Biol. Chem 1984; 259: 12368-12376
• 4 Olson ST, Björk I. Regulation of thrombin by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II. In: Thrombin, Structure and Function. Berliner U. ed Plenum Press; New York: 1992. ppl 59-217
• 5 Marcum JA, McKenney JB, Galli SJ, Jackman RW, Rosenberg RD. Acceleration of thrombin-antithrombin complex formation in rat hindquarters via heparinlike molecules bound to the endothelium. J. Clin. Invest 1986; 74 (02) 341-350
• 6 Skinner R, Abrahams JP, Whisstock JC, Lesk AM, Carrell RW, Wardell MR. The 2.6A structure of antithrombin indicates a conformational change at the heparin binding site. J. Mol. Biol 1997; 266: 601-609
• 7 Elliott PR, Lomas DA, Carrell RW, Abrahams JP. Inhibitory conformation of the reactive loop of α₁-antitrypsin. Nature Struct. Biol 1996; 03 (08) 676-681
• 8 Jin L, Abrahams JP, Skinner R, Petitou M, Pike R, Carrell R. 2.9A structures indicate mechanism of heparin binding and activation of antithrombin. Abstract for XVIth Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Florence. 06..1997
• 9 Owen MC, Brennan SO, Lewis JH, Carrell RW. Mutation of antitrypsin to antithrombin, a₁-antitrypsin Pittsburgh (358 Met to Arg), a fatal bleeding disorder. N. Eng. J. Med 1983; 309: 694-698
• 10 Wright HT, Scarsdale JN. Structural basis for serpin inhibitor activity. Proteins 1995; 22: 210-225
• 11 Carrell RW, Christey PB, Boswell DR. Serpins: antithrombin and other inhibitors of coagulation and fibrinolysis; evidence from amino acid sequences. In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Verstraets M, Vermylen J, Lijnen HR, Arnout J. eds. Leuven University Press; 1987. pp 1-15
• 12 Borg JY, Owen MC, Soria C, Soria J, Caen J, Carrell RW. Proposed heparin binding site in antithrombin based on Arginine A new variant Rouen-II, 47Arg to Ser. J. Clin. Invest 1988; 81: 1292-1296