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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 39(03): 377-382
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660473
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Treatment of Other Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Damien Basille
1   Department of Respiratory Diseases, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
,
Vincent Jounieaux
1   Department of Respiratory Diseases, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
,
Claire Andréjak
1   Department of Respiratory Diseases, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
02 August 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are numerous, and for the vast majority of them, randomized studies are lacking and data regarding optimal treatment are limited. When Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. abscessus are excluded, the main NTM are M. xenopi, M. kansasii, M. malmoense, M. szulgai, and M. simiae. Treatment is long (at least 12 months after culture conversion according to recommendations by scientific societies) and difficult (at least three drugs are required, each of which have potential adverse events). Moreover, optimal treatment is unknown for the vast majority of NTM and efficacy of treatment is not 100%. That is why, balance between benefit and risk is fundamental. For M. xenopi, the second most common NTM isolated in Europe, treatment is classically based on macrolides or fluoroquinolones, associated with ethambutol and rifampicin. For M. kansasii, the cornerstone of treatment is rifampicin, which should be associated with two other drugs: ethambutol plus isoniazid or clarithromycin. M. malmoense, which is common in Northern Europe, can be treated by rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin and/or fluoroquinolones.

Keywords

M. xenopi - M. kansasii - M. malmoense - drug toxicity - macrolides - antibiotic susceptibility
 

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