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Hamostaseologie 1987; 07(05): 101-108
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660538
Originalarbeit
Schattauer GmbH

N-3 Fettsäuren, Eikosanoide und zelluläre Funktionen

C. v. Schacky
1   Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt der Universität München, München
,
S. Fischer
1   Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt der Universität München, München
,
R. Lorenz
1   Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt der Universität München, München
,
P. C. Weber
1   Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt der Universität München, München
*   Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Medical School Massachusetts, General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)
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Publication Date:
25 June 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

In geeigneten In-vitro-Modellen und beim Menschen verändern n-3 Fettsäuren das Eikosanoidsystem qualitativ und quantitativ in eine günstige Richtung. Zusätzlich zur unverminderten Bildung der stark vasodilatatorisch und antiaggregatorisch wirksamen Substanz PGI2 erscheint in größeren Mengen das biologisch beinahe ebenso wirksame PGI3. Die Biosynthese des physiologischen Gegenspielers von PGI, der starke Aggregator und Vasokonstriktor TXA2, wird gesenkt, in kleinen Mengen wird auch ein biologisch nicht oder nur gering wirksames TXA3 gebildet. EPA wird im Menschen in den Neutrophilen eingebaut und auf Stimulation hin das schwach chemotaktisch und chemokinetisch wirksame LTB5 in geringen Mengen gebildet. Ob die Biosynthese des biologisch viel stärker wirksamen LTB4 dabei zurückgeht, ist gegenwärtig unklar. Man nimmt an, daß die qualitative und quantitative Umstellung des Eikosanoidsystems bei den in vielen Untersuchungen festgestellten günstigen Veränderungen zellulärer Funktionen während der Anreicherung der Ernährung mit n-3 Fettsäuren eine Rolle spielt. Noch zu erklären bleibt, wie die Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung nach DCHA mediiert wird.

Durch eine Anreicherung der Ernährung mit n-3 Fettsäuren lassen sich bei Gesunden wie bei Patienten auch unter unseren Zivilisationsbedingungen funktionelle und biochemische Veränderungen erzielen, wie sie bei Eskimos oder Japanern beobachtet werden: So sinkt die Thrombozytenaggregation ex vivo, als In-vivo-Korrelat wird die Blutungszeit verlängert. Auch scheinen sich günstige Veränderungen bei Zellen, die bei Entzündung und immunologischen Erkrankungen eine Rolle spielen, einzustellen. Da n-3 Fettsäuren außerdem Blutfette senken, Blutdruck und Blutdruckantwort auf Pressorhormone senken und rheologische Parameter günstig verändern, ist zu vermuten, daß n-3 Fettsäuren einen Platz in Therapie und Prophylaxe der Atherosklerose finden werden. Zuvor gilt es allerdings Ergebnisse laufender Studien abzuwarten, die Dosierungen und genaue Indikationen festlegen werden.

 

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