Download PDF
Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2018; 18(03): 168-178
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660970
Augenheilkunde
Schattauer GmbH

Veränderungen der Papilla nervi optici im Kindesalter

Optic disc changes in childhood
H. Tegetmeyer
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingereicht am: 03 January 2018

angenommen am: 18 January 2018

Publication Date:
05 June 2018 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Die Papilla nervi optici ist mithilfe der ophthalmoskopischen Untersuchung der visuellen Inspektion zugänglich. Dadurch ist es möglich, bereits im Säuglings- und frühen Kindesalter Papillenveränderungen zu erkennen, die mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen des Gehirns einhergehen können oder durch Tumoren, akute Erkrankungen des Sehnerven oder des Zentralnervensystems verursacht werden. Zur Dokumentation, Quantifizierung und Verlaufsbeobachtung der Papillenveränderungen stehen verschiedene bildgebende Verfahren zur Verfügung. Die Einteilung der Papillenveränderungen in angeborene Anomalien, in Papillenveränderungen mit Papillenprominenz und in atrophische Veränderungen im Rahmen einer Optikusatrophie hat sich für die Differenzialdiagnose möglicher Ursachen bewährt. Daraus lassen sich in Kooperation zwischen Pädiatern und Ophthalmologen gezielt weiterführende diagnostische und therapeutische Maßnahmen ableiten.

Summary

The ophthalmological inspection of the optic disc is possible since the time of birth.

Thereby, changes of normal optic disc configuration can already be detected in early infancy. Congenital optic disc anomalies can go along with congenital malformations of the brain or with syndromal systemic diseases. Acquired changes of the optic disc are often caused by tumours or acute diseases of the optic nerve or the central nervous system. Modern imaging techniques permit documentation, quantification and follow-up of optic disc changes. The classification of optic disc changes into congenital anomalies, optic disc prominence and optic atrophy have proved of value for differential diagnosis of their aetiology. This provides a basis for subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic measures which require a close cooperation between paediatrists and ophthalmologists.

Schlüsselwörter

Papilla nervi optici - Papillenfehlbildungen - Stauungspapillen - Optikusatrophie - Kindesalter

Keywords

Optic disc anomalies - papilledema - optic atrophy - optic neuritis - childhood
 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Brodsky MC. Congenital optic disk anomalies. Surv Ophthalmol 1994; 39: 89-112.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Kushner BJ. Functional amblyopia associated with abnormalities of the optic nerve. Arch Ophthalmol 1984; 102: 683-685.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Prokosch V, Dragnea DC, Pitz S. Differenzialdiagnose der Papillenschwellung. Ophthalmologe 2016; 113: 967-981.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Chang MY, Velez FG, Demer JL. et al. Accuracy of Diagnostic Imaging Modalities for Classifying Pediatric Eyes as Papilledema Versus Pseudopapilledema. Ophthalmology 2017; 124: 1839-1848.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Weiter JJ, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE. Aplasia of the optic nerve and disk. Am J Ophthalmol 1977; 83: 569-576.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Ghassemi F, Bazvand F, Hosseini SS. et al. Optic Nerve Aplasia: Case Report and Literature Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2015; 10: 187-192.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Teär KFahnehjelm, Dahl S, Martin L, Ek U. Optic nerve hypoplasia in children and adolescents; prevalence, ocular characteristics and behavioural problems. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92: 563-570.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Brodsky MC, Glasier CM. Optic nerve hypoplasia. Clinical significance of associated central nervous system abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111: 66-74.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Kim RY, Hoyt WF, Lessell S, Narahara MH. Superior segmental optic hypoplasia. A sign of maternal diabetes. Arch Ophthalmol 1989; 107: 1312-1315.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Lee HS, Park SW, Heo H. Megalopapilla in children: a spectral domain optical coherence tomography analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93: e301-305.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Ceynowa DJ, Wickström R, Olsson M. et al. Morning Glory Disc Anomaly in childhood – a population-based study. Acta Ophthalmologica 2015; 93: 626-634.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Chang S, Gregory-Roberts E, Chen R. Retinal detachment associated with optic disc colobomas and morning glory syndrome. Eye (Lond) 2012; 26: 494-500.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Lenhart PD, Lambert SR, Newman NJ. et al. Intracranial vascular anomalies in patients with morning glory disk anomaly. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 142: 644-650.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Kniestedt C, Landau K, Brodsky MC. et al. Infantile orofacial hemangioma with ipsilateral peripapillary excavation in girls: a variant of the PHACE syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122: 413-415.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Dutton GN. Congenital disorders of the optic nerve: excavations and hypoplasia. Eye (Lond) 2004; 18: 1038-1048.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Imamura Y, Zweifel SA, Fujiwara T. et al. High-resolution optical coherence tomography findings in optic pit maculopathy. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 2010; 30: 1104-1112.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Islam N, Best J, Mehta JS. et al. Optic disc duplication or coloboma?. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 26-29.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Young SE, Walsh FB, Knox DL. The tilted disk syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1976; 82: 16-23.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Tarabishy AB, Alexandrou TJ, Traboulsi EI. Syndrome of myelinated retinal nerve fibers, myopia, and amblyopia: a review. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52: 588-596.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Parsa CF, Silva ED, Sundin OH. et al. Redefining papillorenal syndrome: an underdiagnosed cause of ocular and renal morbidity. Ophthalmology 2001; 108: 738-749.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Unterlauft JD, Tegetmeyer H. Papillendiagnostik mithilfe der optischen Kohärenztomografie. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2016; 235: 47-57.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Hayreh SS. Pathogenesis of optic disc edema in raised intracranial pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 50: 108-144.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Levin LA, Danesh-Meyer HV. Hypothesis: a venous etiology for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126: 1582-1585.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Hayreh SS, Servais GE, Virdi PS. Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension. V. Hypertensive optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology 1986; 93: 74-87.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Rosenthal AR. Ocular manifestations of leukemia. A review. Ophthalmology 1983; 90: 899-905.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Dagi LR, Tiedemann LM, Heidary G. et al. Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to detect optic neuropathy in patients with craniosynostosis. J AAPOS 2014; 18: 543-549.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Brodsky MC, Wald KJ, Chen S, Weiter JJ. Protracted posttraumatic optic disc swelling. Ophthalmology 1995; 102: 1628-1631.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Shields JA. Tumors and pseudotumors of the optic disc. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000; 78: 156-163.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Dutton JJ. Gliomas of the anterior visual pathway. Surv Ophthalmol 1994; 38: 427-452.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Pérez-Cambrodí RJ, Gómez-Hurtado ACubillana. et al. Optic neuritis in pediatric population: a review in current tendencies of diagnosis and management. J Optom 2014; 07: 125-130.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Chang MY, Pineles SL. Pediatric Optic Neuritis. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2017; 24: 122-128.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ. et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004; 364: 2106-2112.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Tegetmeyer H, Merkenschlager A. Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper bei Neuritis nervi optici im Kindesalter. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234: 1243-1249.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Chutorian AM, Winterkorn JMS, Geffner M. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in children: case reports and review of the literature. Pediatr Neurol 2002; 26: 358-364.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Tso MO. Pathology and pathogenesis of drusen of the optic nervehead. Ophthalmology 1981; 88: 1066-1080.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Biermann J, Lagrèze WA. Die randunscharfe Papille: eine diagnostische Herausforderung. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234: 829-850.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Repka MX, Miller NR. Optic atrophy in children. Am J Ophthalmol 1988; 106: 191-193.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Gaston H. Ophthalmic complications of spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Eye (Lond) 1991; 05: 279-290.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 O’Keefe M, Kafil-Hussain N, Flitcroft I, Lanigan B. Ocular significance of intraventricular haemorrhage in premature infants. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85: 357-359.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Uggetti C, Egitto MG, Fazzi E. et al. Transsynaptic degeneration of lateral geniculate bodies in blind children: in vivo MR demonstration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997; 18: 233-238.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Zamora C, Huisman TAGM, Izbudak I. Supratentorial Tumors in Pediatric Patients. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2017; 27: 39-67.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Tegetmeyer H. Einsatzmöglichkeiten der optischen Kohärenztomografie bei der Diagnostik von Erkrankungen der Makula und des Nervus opticus bei Kindern. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2011; 228: 868-873.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Rahman AMA, Madge SN, Billing K. et al. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes. Eye (Lond) 2009; 23: 2175-2181.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Danesh-Meyer HV. Radiation-induced optic neuropathy. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 15: 95-100.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Newman NJ, Biousse V. Hereditary optic neuropathies. Eye (Lond) 2004; 18: 1144-1160.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Jurkute N, Yu-Wai-Man P. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: bridging the translational gap. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2017; 28: 403-409.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Kjer P. Infantile optic atrophy with dominant mode of inheritance: a clinical and genetic study of 19 Danish families. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1959; 164: 1-147.
    Google Scholar
  • 48 Yu-Wai-Man P, Bailie M, Atawan A. et al. Pattern of retinal ganglion cell loss in dominant optic atrophy due to OPA1 mutations. Eye (Lond) 2011; 25: 596-602.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Yu-Wai-Man P, Votruba M, Burté F. et al. A neurodegenerative perspective on mitochondrial optic neuropathies. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132: 789-806.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Ely AL, El-Dairi MA, Freedman SF. Cupping reversal in pediatric glaucoma--evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field. Am J Ophthalmol 2014; 158: 905-915.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Papadopoulos M, Cable N, Rahi J, Khaw PT. The British Infantile and Childhood Glaucoma (BIG) Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48: 4100-4106.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Kanamori A, Nakamura M, Yamada Y, Negi A. Longitudinal Study of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Ganglion Cell Complex in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 2012; 130: 1067-1069.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Chamberlain PD, Sadaka A, Berry S, Lee AG. Ethambutol optic neuropathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2017; 28: 545-551.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M. Leukodystrophies: a proposed classification system based on pathological changes and pathogenetic mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134: 351-382.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar