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Semin Liver Dis 2019; 39(01): 013-025
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676097
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Noncoding RNA in Cholangiocarcinoma

Massimiliano Salati
1   Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
2   Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
,
Chiara Braconi
1   Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
3   Gastrointestinal and Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust Surrey and London, London, United Kingdom
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
07 December 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are tumors with a dismal prognosis. Early diagnosis is a key challenge because of the lack of specific symptoms, and the curability rate is low due to the difficulty in achieving a radical resection and the intrinsic chemoresistance of CCA cells. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcripts that are not translated into proteins but exert their functional role by regulating the transcription and translation of other genes. The discovery of the first ncRNA dates back to 1993 when the microRNA (miRNA) lin-4 was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans. Only 10 years later, miRNAs were shown to play an oncogenic role in cancer cells and within 20 years miRNA therapeutics were tested in humans. Here, the authors review the latest evidence for a role for ncRNAs in CCA and discuss the promise and challenges associated with the introduction of ncRNAs into clinical practice.

Keywords

cholangiocarcinoma - biliary cancer - microRNA - biomarker
 

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