Abstract
Background Clinical interface terminologies (CITs) consist of terms designed for clinical documentation
and, through mappings to standardized vocabularies, to support secondary uses of patient
data, including clinical decision support, quality measurement, and billing for health
care services. The latter purpose requires maps to administrative coding systems,
such as the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification
(ICD-10-CM), for diagnoses in the United States.
Objectives The transition from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM posed a challenge to CIT users due to the
substantially increased details in ICD-10-CM. To address this, we developed a content
layer within a CIT that provides postcoordination prompts for the details required
for accurate ICD-10-CM coding.
Methods We developed content to support prompting for and capture of additional information
specified by the user in a single, clinically relevant term that is added to the patient's
record, and whose mapping to other coding systems (like Systematized Nomenclature
of Medicine—Clinical Terms [SNOMED CT]) reflects the details added during postcoordination.
We worked with clinical information system developers to incorporate this into user
interfaces, and with end-users to refine the design.
Results While the prompts were designed around the precoordinated elements implicit in ICD-10-CM,
irregularities in ICD-10-CM required some additional design measures, such as providing
postcoordination options that interpolate gaps in ICD-10-CM to avoid user confusion.
The system we describe has been implemented by ∼30,000 health care provider organizations,
with content that covers the vast majority of encounter diagnoses. User feedback has
been largely positive, though concerns have been raised about expanding postcoordination
content beyond that required for ICD-10-CM coding.
Conclusion We have demonstrated the design and development of what, to our knowledge, is the
first system that uses postcoordination to capture ICD-10-CM-relevant details in a
CIT while also reflecting the details added by the user in maps to other vocabularies.
Keywords
clinical information systems - interfaces - ICD-10 - standards
