Abstract
Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a
very useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of enlarged mediastinal and hilar lymph
nodes. It is a safe procedure with a low risk of complications.
Case Description We report a case of bronchial fistula and pneumomediastinum after EBUS-TBNA, which
was performed shortly after a mediastinoscopy. Due to the extent of the bronchial
lesion, a surgical closure of the bronchial fistula was necessary. The patient recovered
completely.
Conclusion The performance of EBUS-TBNA shortly after a mediastinoscopy should not be recommended
to avoid possible procedure-related complications.
Keywords
mediastinum (incl. mediastinoscopy) - thoracic surgery - mediastinal lymph nodes -
ultrasound (all applications)
