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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 2019; 08(02): 113-118
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695668
Original Article
Neurological Surgeons' Society of India

Acute Phase Effect of Memantine Hydrochloride in Experimental Peripheral Nerve Injury

Hakan AK
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
,
Iskender Samet Daltaban
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
,
Sevilay Vural
2   Department of Emergency, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
› Institutsangaben Funding This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects of Adnan Menderes University with the number of TPF 10020.
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Publikationsverlauf

received 22. September 2018

accepted 24. Oktober 2018

Publikationsdatum:
20. September 2019 (online)

   Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Aim In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate possible healing effects of memantine hydrochloride, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, with clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic methods on acute peripheral nerve injury (PNI).

Material and Method Forty-eight adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 12). The groups were arranged as sham-operated group (group 1), acute compression model group (group 2), trauma + low-dose memantine group (group 3), and trauma + high-dose memantine group (group 4). Memantine was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days. Subjects were sacrificed after the measurement of the sciatic nerve function index (SNFI) on the eighth day. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured in nerve tissues. Histopathologic evaluation was performed by electron microscopy.

Results The mean sciatic function index (SFI) scores of groups 1 to 4 were +3.27 (standard deviation [SD] ±4.66),–18.2 (SD = ±11.7),–8.5 (SD = ±7.5), and–2.5 (SD = ±9), respectively. The mean COX-2 values were 0.98 ng/mL (SD = ±0.51), 1.89 ng/mL (SD = ±0.22), 1.39 ng/mL (SD = ±0.36), and 1.35 ng/mL (SD = ±0.59), respectively. TNF-α values were 0.09 pg/mL (SD = ±0.23), 1 pg/mL (SD = ±0.96), 0.46 pg/mL (SD = ±0.55), and 0.48 pg/mL (SD = ±0.78), respectively. Group 1 showed normal histologic findings. Group 2 showed marked edema particularly in large-diameter myelins. Myelin configurations were detected in large myelinated axons in group 3. The number of mast cells in endoneurium was high in group 4.

Conclusion The efficacy of memantine in the acute phase of PNI appears to be significant according to the SNFI and biochemical tests. However, histologic findings suggest that high doses of memantine have a negative effect on PNI.

Keywords

peripheral nerve injury - memantine - cyclooxygenase-2
 

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