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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2021; 15(02): 320-324
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721312
Original Article

The Response of the Tongue Epithelial on Cigarette Smoke Exposure as a Risk Factor for Oral Cancer Development

Neken Prasetyaningtyas
1   Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Nabilah Azzahra Jatiatmaja
1   Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Desiana Radithia
2   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Hening Tuti Hendarti
2   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati
2   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Priyo Hadi
2   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Fatma Yasmin Mahdani
2   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Diah Savitri Ernawati
2   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Rosnah binti Zain
3   Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom Selangor, Malaysia
,
Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas
2   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
› Author Affiliations Funding This study is funded by the Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga 2019 in the Schema Penelitian Unggulan Fakultas.
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Abstract

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the tongue epithelial response to cigarette smoke exposure on a number of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression to determine the risk factor of oral cancer development.

Materials and Methods Thirty Rattus norvegicus will be exposed to two kinds of cigarette smoke by a smoking pump for 4 and 8 weeks. The tongues were collected to analyze the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells with hematoxylin-eosin. The MMP-9 expression was similarly analyzed with immunohistochemical staining and then compared with the control group.

Results The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression was higher in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure compared to the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure and the control group (p < 0.000). The number of plasma cell did not differ in the 8-week cigarette smoke exposure from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The number of plasma cells in the tongue tissue during the 4-week cigarette smoke exposure was not determined.

Conclusion Cigarette smoke exposure induces the risk of oral cancer development as a result of an increase in the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and MMP-9 expression in the tongue epithelial.

Keywords

cigarette smoke - lymphocytes - macrophages - MMP-9 expression - tongue


Publication History

Article published online:
07 December 2020

© 2020. European Journal of Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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