Tuberkulose und Rauchen

Zusammenfassung

Weltweit treten jährlich zirka 9,6 Millionen Neuerkrankungen und 1,5 Millionen Todesfälle durch Tuberkulose (TB) auf. Hierbei führt Rauchen als unabhängiger Risikofaktor etwa zu einer Verdoppelung des relativen Risikos nicht nur für die aktive Erkrankung, sondern auch für die latente TB-Infektion und die Sterblichkeit an TB. Nach einer Hochrechnung werden bis zum Jahr 2050 durch das Rauchen vermutlich 18 Millionen Neuerkrankungen an TB zusätzlich verursacht, womit das TB-Eliminierungsziel der WHO infrage gestellt würde. Maßnahmen zur Raucherentwöhnung während und nach der Therapie, die in Tuberkuloseprogrammen bislang unzureichend beachtet werden, sind daher dringend erforderlich.

Abstract

Worldwide there are annually about 9.6 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths due to tuberculosis (TB). Smoking is an independent risk factor causing approximately a twofold increase not only in active Tb disease but also in latent TB infection and mortality. In a mathematical model it is estimated that smoking would produce until 2050 an excess of 18 million tuberculosis cases from TB which would challenge the TB elimination goal of the WHO. Smoking cessation methods during and after TB treatment, which at present are insufficiently included into TB programmes, are urgently needed.

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