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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Yearb Med Inform 2021; 30(01): 105-125
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726513
Section 3: Clinical Information Systems
Survey

The Clinical Information Systems Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

J. Jeffery Reeves
1   Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
,
Natalie M. Pageler
2   Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
,
Elizabeth C. Wick
3   Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
,
Genevieve B. Melton
3   Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
,
Yu-Heng Gamaliel Tan
5   Department of Orthopedics, Chief Medical Information Officer, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
,
Brian J. Clay
6   Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
,
Christopher A. Longhurst
6   Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Summary

Objective: The year 2020 was predominated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this article is to review the areas in which clinical information systems (CIS) can be and have been utilized to support and enhance the response of healthcare systems to pandemics, focusing on COVID-19.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, the tables of contents of major informatics journals, and the bibliographies of articles were searched for studies pertaining to CIS, pandemics, and COVID-19 through October 2020. The most informative and detailed studies were highlighted, while many others were referenced.

Results: CIS were heavily relied upon by health systems and governmental agencies worldwide in response to COVID-19. Technology-based screening tools were developed to assist rapid case identification and appropriate triaging. Clinical care was supported by utilizing the electronic health record (EHR) to onboard frontline providers to new protocols, offer clinical decision support, and improve systems for diagnostic testing. Telehealth became the most rapidly adopted medical trend in recent history and an essential strategy for allowing safe and effective access to medical care. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms were developed to enhance screening, diagnostic imaging, and predictive analytics - though evidence of improved outcomes remains limited. Geographic information systems and big data enabled real-time dashboards vital for epidemic monitoring, hospital preparedness strategies, and health policy decision making. Digital contact tracing systems were implemented to assist a labor-intensive task with the aim of curbing transmission. Large scale data sharing, effective health information exchange, and interoperability of EHRs remain challenges for the informatics community with immense clinical and academic potential. CIS must be used in combination with engaged stakeholders and operational change management in order to meaningfully improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion: Managing a pandemic requires widespread, timely, and effective distribution of reliable information. In the past year, CIS and informaticists made prominent and influential contributions in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords

Coronavirus - pandemic - electronic health record - clinical information systems - telehealth


Publication History

Article published online:
03 September 2021

© 2021. IMIA and Thieme. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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