Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31(01): 078-085
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729488
Original Article

Morphological Assessment of TMJ Spaces, Mandibular Condyle, and Glenoid Fossa Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Retrospective Analysis

Nithin,
Junaid Ahmed
1   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Nanditha Sujir
1   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Nandita Shenoy
1   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Almas Binnal
1   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Ravikiran Ongole
1   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Background The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is included in the category of ginglymoarthrodial synovial joints. The mandibular condyle plays a vital part in the development of the craniofacial complex. Hence, the evaluation and assessment of the condylar volume and its morphology are of utmost importance.

Aim The aim of this research was to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging modality to evaluate the morphology of the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa in a selected population and document any morphometric changes.

Setting and Design It is an observational study.

Materials and Methods A retrospective CBCT analysis was performed on 119 patients. The length, width, height, linear measurements of the joint spaces (anterior, posterior, and superior), volume of the condyle, and roof of glenoid fossa thickness were evaluated on both the left and right sides in both males and females.

Results The height, width, and length of mandibular condyle were significantly increased in males on both sides. Except for the left anterior space, all other spaces were significantly larger in males. Overall, the volume of the condyles in males was significantly increased on both sides.

Conclusion CBCT can be a valuable diagnostic aid in the evaluation of various dimensions, joint spaces, and condylar volume in different planes and thus, can be a useful predictor in the assessment of treatment outcomes of disorders affecting the TMJ.

Keywords

cone beam CT - diagnostic - glenoid fossa - imaging - tomography - temporomandibular joint


Publication History

Article published online:
31 May 2021

© 2021. Indian Radiological Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Pandis N, Karpac J, Trevino R, Williams B. A radiographic study of condyle position at various depths of cut in dry skulls with axially corrected lateral tomograms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991; 100 (02) 116-122
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Al-koshab M, Nambiar P, John J. Assessment of condyle and glenoid fossa morphology using CBCT in South-East Asians. PLoS One 2015; 10 (03) e0121682
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Ejima K, Schulze D, Stippig A, Matsumoto K, Rottke D, Honda K. Relationship between the thickness of the roof of glenoid fossa, condyle morphology and remaining teeth in asymptomatic European patients based on cone beam CT data sets. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013; 42 (03) 90929410 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/90929410.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Nancy A. Tencate’s Oral Histology Development, Structure and Functions. Temporomandibular Joint. 8th edition. Ch. 13. Missouri:. Elsevier Mosby Publishers 2013; 400
    Google Scholar
  • 5 Major P, Kamelchuk L, Nebbe B, Petrikowski G, Glover K. Condyle displacement associated with premolar extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatment of Class I malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997; 112 (04) 435-440
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Marques AP, Perrella A, Arita ES, Pereira MF, Cavalcanti MdeG. Assessment of simulated mandibular condyle bone lesions by cone beam computed tomography. Braz Oral Res 2010; 24 (04) 467-474
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Miloglu O, Yilmaz AB, Yildirim E, Akgul HM. Pneumatization of the articular eminence on cone beam computed tomography: prevalence, characteristics and a review of the literature. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011; 40 (02) 110-114
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Lascala CA, Panella J, Marques MM. Analysis of the accuracy of linear measurements obtained by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT-NewTom). Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2004; 33 (05) 291-294
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Suomalainen A, Vehmas T, Kortesniemi M, Robinson S, Peltola J. Accuracy of linear measurements using dental cone beam and conventional multislice computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37 (01) 10-17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Kobayashi K, Shimoda S, Nakagawa Y, Yamamoto A. Accuracy in measurement of distance using limited cone-beam computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004; 19 (02) 228-231
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Dalili Z, Khaki N, Kia SJ, Salamat F. Assessing joint space and condylar position in the people with normal function of temporomandibular joint with cone-beam computed tomography. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012; 9 (05) 607-612
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Lubsen CC, Hansson TL, Nordström BB, Solberg WK. Histomorphometry of age and sex changes in mandibular condyles of young human adults. Arch Oral Biol 1987; 32 (10) 729-733
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Hinton RJ. Relationships between mandibular joint size and craniofacial size in human groups. Arch Oral Biol 1983; 28 (01) 37-43
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Alexiou K, Stamatakis H, Tsiklakis K. Evaluation of the severity of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritic changes related to age using cone beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2009; 38 (03) 141-147
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Tadej G, Engstrom C, Borrman H, Christiansen EL. Mandibular condyle morphology in relation to malocclusions in children. Angle Orthod 1989; 59 (03) 187-194
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Cohlmia JT, Ghosh J, Sinha PK, Nanda RS, Currier GF. Tomographic assessment of temporomandibular joints in patients with malocclusion. Angle Orthod 1996; 66 (01) 27-35
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Blaschke DD, Blaschke TJ. A method for quantitatively determining temporomandibular joint bony relationships. J Dent Res 1981; 60 (01) 35-43
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Wang RY, Ma XC, Zhang WL, Liu DG. [Investigation of temporomandibular joint space of healthy adults by using cone beam computed tomography]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao 2007; 39 (05) 503-506
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Rodrigues AF, Fraga MR, Vitral RW. Computed tomography evaluation of the temporomandibular joint in Class II Division 1 and Class III malocclusion patients: condylar symmetry and condyle-fossa relationship. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 136 (02) 199-206
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kijima N, Honda K, Kuroki Y, Sakabe J, Ejima K, Nakajima I. Relationship between patient characteristics, mandibular head morphology and thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa in symptomatic temporomandibular joints. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007; 36 (05) 277-281
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Tecco S, Saccucci M, Nucera R. et al. Condylar volume and surface in Caucasian young adult subjects. BMC Med Imaging 2010; 10: 28
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Mostafavi M, Vahdat S, Javadian L, Ghaznavi A. Analysis of condylar volume in relation to craniofacial morphology using cone beam computed tomography. J Contemporary Med Sci 2018; 4: 202-206
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Takayama Y, Miura E, Yuasa M, Kobayashi K, Hosoi T. Comparison of occlusal condition and prevalence of bone change in the condyle of patients with and without temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 105 (01) 104-112
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Enomoto A, Watahiki J, Yamaguchi T, Irie T, Tachikawa T, Maki K. Effects of mastication on mandibular growth evaluated by microcomputed tomography. Eur J Orthod 2010; 32 (01) 66-70
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Chaurasia A, Katheriya G, Khan N. Morphometric analysis of articular eminence of temporomandibular joint in Indian paediatric population: a CBCT study. Indian J Forensic Odontol 2017; 10: 91-103
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Kim JB. Normal temporomandibular joint space. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 26: 279-283
    Google Scholar