Download PDF
CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2022; 16(01): 167-172
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731929
Original Article

Mechanical Properties of Experimental Composites with Different Photoinitiator

Luis Felipe Marques de Resende
1   Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Anderson Catelan
2   Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Kusai Baroudi 
3   School of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Alan Rodrigo Muniz Palialol
4   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Alexandre Marques de Resende
5   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
,
Ana Carolina Andreucci
1   Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
1   Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
,
Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni
1   Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective The effect of different photoinitiators on mechanical properties of experimental composites was evaluated.

Materials and Methods Resin composites were formulated by using a blend of bisphenol A-glycidyl and triethylene glycol (50/50 wt%) dimethacrylate monomers, and 65 wt% of barium aluminium silicate and silica filler particles. Photoinitiators used were 0.2% camphorquinone (CQ) and 0.8% co-initiator (DMAEMA); 0.2% phenyl-propanedione and 0.8% DMAEMA; 0.1% CQ + 0.1% phenyl propanedione and 0.8% DMAEMA; 0.42% mono(acyl)phosphine oxide (MAPO); and 0.5% bis(acyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO). Specimens (n = 10) were light cured by using a multiple-emission peak light-emitting diode for 20 seconds at 1,200 mW/cm2 of irradiance and Knoop hardness and plasticization, depth of cure, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were evaluated. Data were statiscally analyzed at significance level of α = 5%.

Results Experimental composites containing MAPO and BAPO photoinitiators showed the highest values of flexural strength, elastic modulus, top surface hardness, and lower hardness reduction caused by alcohol compared with CQ. Composites containing CQ and PPD showed similar results, except for depth of cure and hardness of bottom surface.

Conclusion BAPO and MAPO showed higher flexural strength, elastic modulus, hardness on top surface, and lower polymer plasticization to CQ.

Keywords

resin composites - hardness - elastic modulus - photoinitiators


Publication History

Article published online:
24 August 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Gonçalves F, Azevedo CL, Ferracane JL, Braga RR. BisGMA/TEGDMA ratio and filler content effects on shrinkage stress. Dent Mater 2011; 27 (06) 520-526
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Gonçalves F, Kawano Y, Pfeifer C, Stansbury JW, Braga RR. Influence of BisGMA, TEGDMA, and BisEMA contents on viscosity, conversion, and flexural strength of experimental resins and composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117 (04) 442-446
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Meereis CTW, Münchow EA, de Oliveira da Rosa WL, da Silva AF, Piva E. Polymerization shrinkage stress of resin-based dental materials: a systematic review and meta-analyses of composition strategies. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 82: 268-281
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Porto IC, de Aguiar FH, Brandt WC, Liporoni PC. Mechanical and physical properties of silorane and methacrylate-based composites. J Dent 2013; 41 (08) 732-739
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Stansbury JW. Curing dental resins and composites by photopolymerization. J Esthet Dent 2000; 12 (06) 300-308
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Leprince JG, Palin WM, Hadis MA, Devaux J, Leloup G. Progress in dimethacrylate-based dental composite technology and curing efficiency. Dent Mater 2013; 29 (02) 139-156
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Lima AF, Salvador MVO, Dressano D. et al. Increased rates of photopolymerisation by ternary type II photoinitiator systems in dental resins. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 98: 71-78
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Silami FD, Mundim FM, Garcia LdaF, Sinhoreti MA, Pires-de-Souza FdeC. Color stability of experimental composites containing different photoinitiators. J Dent 2013; 41 (Suppl. 03) e62-e66
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Bittencourt BF, Dominguez JA, Farago PV, Pinheiro LA, Gomes OM. Alternative coinitiators applicable to photocurable resin composites. Oral Health Dent Manag 2014; 13 (03) 568-572
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Dressano D, Palialol AR, Xavier TA. et al. Effect of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate on the physical and chemical properties of ethanolic solvated resins containing camphorquinone and 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione sensitizers as initiators. Dent Mater 2016; 32 (06) 756-764
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Favarão J, Oliveira D, Zanini MM, Rocha MG, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti M. Effect of curing-light attenuation on color stability and physical and chemical properties of resin cements containing different photoinitiators. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 113: 104110
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Schneider LF, Cavalcante LM, Prahl SA, Pfeifer CS, Ferracane JL. Curing efficiency of dental resin composites formulated with camphorquinone or trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide. Dent Mater 2012; 28 (04) 392-397
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Rocha MG, de D Oliveira, Sinhoreti M, Roulet JF, Correr AB. The combination of CQ-amine and TPO increases the polymerization shrinkage stress and does not improve the depth of cure of bulk-fill composites. Oper Dent 2019; 44 (05) 499-509
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Miletic V, Santini A. Micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis of the degree of conversion of composite resins containing different initiators cured by polywave or monowave LED units. J Dent 2012; 40 (02) 106-113
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Palin WM, Hadis MA, Leprince JG. et al. Reduced polymerization stress of MAPO-containing resin composites with increased curing speed, degree of conversion and mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2014; 30 (05) 507-516
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Brandt WC, Schneider LF, Frollini E, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MA. Effect of different photo-initiators and light curing units on degree of conversion of composites. Braz Oral Res 2010; 24 (03) 263-270
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 de Oliveira DC, Rocha MG, Gatti A, Correr AB, Ferracane JL, Sinhoret MA. Effect of different photoinitiators and reducing agents on cure efficiency and color stability of resin-based composites using different LED wavelengths. J Dent 2015; 43 (12) 1565-1572
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Randolph LD, Palin WM, Bebelman S. et al. Ultra-fast light-curing resin composite with increased conversion and reduced monomer elution. Dent Mater 2014; 30 (05) 594-604
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Schneider LF, Moraes RR, Cavalcante LM, Sinhoreti MA, Correr-Sobrinho L, Consani S. Cross-link density evaluation through softening tests: effect of ethanol concentration. Dent Mater 2008; 24 (02) 199-203
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Salgado VE, Borba MM, Cavalcante LM, Moraes RR, Schneider LF. Effect of photoinitiator combinations on hardness, depth of cure, and color of model resin composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 2015; 27 (Suppl. 01) S41-S48
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Calabrese L, Fabiano F, Bonaccorsi LM, Fabiano V, Borsellino C. Evaluation of the clinical impact of ISO 4049 in comparison with miniflexural test on mechanical performances of resin based composite. Int J Biomater 2015; 2015: 149798
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Ilie N, Hilton TJ, Heintze SD. et al. Academy of dental materials guidance-resin composites: part I-mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2017; 33 (08) 880-894
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Saen P, Atai M, Nodehi A, Solhi L. Physical characterization of unfilled and nanofilled dental resins: Static versus dynamic mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2016; 32 (08) e185-e197
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Ferracane JL. Resin-based composite performance: are there some things we can’t predict?. Dent Mater 2013; 29 (01) 51-58
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Goracci C, Cadenaro M, Fontanive L. et al. Polymerization efficiency and flexural strength of low-stress restorative composites. Dent Mater 2014; 30 (06) 688-694
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Nagaoka H, Bishop S, Roberts H. Flexural performance of direct resin composite restorative materials past expiration date. Eur J Dent 2020; 14 (02) 217-223
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Manojlovic D, Dramićanin MD, Milosevic M. et al. Effects of a low-shrinkage methacrylate monomer and monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator on curing efficiency and mechanical properties of experimental resin-based composites. Mater Sci Eng C 2016; 58: 487-494
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Meereis CTW, Leal FB, Lima GS. de Carvalho RV, Piva E, Ogliari FA. BAPO as an alternative photoinitiator for the radical polymerization of dental resins. Dent Mater 2014; 30 (09) 945-953
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Oliveira DC, Souza-Junior EJ, Dobson A, Correr AR, Brandt WC, Sinhoreti MA. Evaluation of phenyl-propanedione on yellowing and chemical-mechanical properties of experimental dental resin-based materials. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24 (06) 555-560
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Salgado VE, Albuquerque PP, Cavalcante LM, Pfeifer CS, Moraes RR, Schneider LF. Influence of photoinitiator system and nanofiller size on the optical properties and cure efficiency of model composites. Dent Mater 2014; 30 (10) e264-e271
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Hadis MA, Shortall AC, Palin WM. Specimen aspect ratio and light transmission in photoactive dental resins. Dent Mater 2012; 28 (11) 1154-1161
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Porto IC, Soares LE, Martin AA, Cavalli V, Liporoni PC. Influence of the photoinitiator system and light photoactivation units on the degree of conversion of dental composites. Braz Oral Res 2010; 24 (04) 475-481
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Moharam LM, El-Hoshy AZ, Abou-Elenein K. The effect of different insertion techniques on the depth of cure and vickers surface micro-hardness of two bulk-fill resin composite materials. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9 (02) e266-e271
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Rocha EP, Assunção WG, Dos Santos PH. Influence of light-curing intensity on color stability and microhardness of composite resins. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2020; 40 (01) 129-134
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Post-irradiation hardness development, chemical softening, and thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites. J Dent 2015; 43 (02) 209-218
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Moghaddasi N, Tavallali M, Jafarpour D, Ferooz R, Bagheri R. The effect of nanofilled resin-base coating on the mechanical and physical properties of resin composites. Eur J Dent 2021; 15 (02) 202-209
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Guedes AP, Oliveira-Reis B, Catelan A, Suzuki TYU, Briso ALF, Santos PHD. Mechanical and surface properties analysis of restorative materials submitted to erosive challenges in situ. Eur J Dent 2018; 12 (04) 559-565
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Moon HJ, Shin DH. Effect of CQ-amine ratio on the degree of conversion in resin monomers with binary and ternary photoinitiation systems. Restor Dent Endod 2012; 37: 96-102
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Price RB, Ferracane JL, Shortall AC. Light-curing units: a review of what we need to know. J Dent Res 2015; 94 (09) 1179-1186
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Hüsler J, Lussi A. Depth of cure of resin composites: is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials?. Dent Mater 2012; 28 (05) 521-528
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Moore BK, Platt JA, Borges G, Chu TM, Katsilieri I. Depth of cure of dental resin composites: ISO 4049 depth and microhardness of types of materials and shades. Oper Dent 2008; 33 (04) 408-412
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Sirovica S, Guo Y, Guan R. et al. Photo-polymerisation variables influence the structure and subsequent thermal response of dental resin matrices. Dent Mater 2020; 36 (03) 343-352
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar