Perinatale Programmierung

Fazit

Während man unter „Programmierung“ von Erkrankungen ursprünglich die Prädisposition für Erkrankungen infolge von Störungen des intrauterinen Milieus verstand, weiß man heute, dass es einen fließenden Übergang zu Erkrankungen gibt, die auf einen „prägenden“ Einfluss der Lebensumstände (Ernährung, Bewegung, etc.) in wichtigen postnatalen Entwicklungsfenstern zurückzuführen sind. Ein Organsystem ist umso anfälliger für „programmierende“ Faktoren, je größer die Plastizität zum Zeitpunkt des Einflusses ist. Ein enger Austausch zwischen geburtshilflichen und pädiatrischen Kollegen ist wünschenswert, um Kinder mit einem „programmiert“ erhöhten Erkrankungsrisiko für z.B. eine arterielle Hypertonie oder Adipositas zu identifizieren. In der Betreuung dieser Kinder sollte man die Möglichkeiten der „Reprogrammierbarkeit“ durch beispielsweise individuell angepasste Ernährung nicht unterschätzen. Die detaillierte Aufklärung der Programmierungs-Mechanismen wird in Zukunft wahrscheinlich weitere spezifische Therapieansätze ermöglichen.

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