Sport- und Bewegungstherapie bei Depression

Kernaussagen

Körperliches Training ergänzt das therapeutische Repertoire zur Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen, insbesondere von Depressionen. Es sollte in allen Behandlungen in strukturierter Weise vorgehalten, motivierend angeboten und interdisziplinär begleitet werden. Grundsätzlich ist körperliches Training bei leichten und mittelschweren als auch bei schweren depressiven Episoden anwendbar. Dies trifft auch auf geschützte Stationen zu, z. B. in Form von Fahrradergometern.

Es ist davon auszugehen, dass eine große Zahl von depressiven Patienten von Bewegung und körperlichem Training profitieren kann. Der Effekt lässt sich aber wie bei anderen Therapiemodalitäten nicht individuell vorhersagen. Mögliche unerwünschte Begleitwirkungen bis hin zu einer Verschlechterung des Störungsbilds müssen berücksichtigt werden. Einige Daten legen nahe, dass nicht alle Patienten im gleichen Maße von der Intervention profitieren. Insgesamt bietet körperliches Training aber eine vielversprechende und risikoarme therapeutische Option und Ergänzung, die für eine breite Patientengruppe umsetzbar ist.

Trotz Vorliegen einer Vielzahl von Untersuchungen besteht weiterhin Forschungsbedarf für hochqualitative klinische Interventionsstudien insbesondere hinsichtlich der Art, Dauer und Intensität optimalen körperlichen Trainings bei Depressionen, aber auch in Bezug auf Risikofaktoren im Kontext mit individuellen klinischen Konstellationen.

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