Serum Irisin Levels and Its Relationship with Spasticity Severity in Chronic Stroke Patients

Abstract

Objective Irisin is a myokine released from muscles by exercise and it has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in acute stroke patients. However, irisin's relationship with the chronic phase of stroke and spasticity has not been studied yet. We aimed to determine the serum level of irisin to examine its relationship with the functional status and severity of spasticity in patients with chronic stroke, and to compare these with healthy controls.

Materials and Methods A total of 70 (35 chronic stroke and 35 control patients) patients were included in the study. The blood serum irisin levels of the patients and the controls were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, their functional status was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale (mRS), and spasticity severity using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS).

Results The mean serum irisin levels of the stroke and the control groups were 6.20 ± 2.2 and 5.45 ± 2.3, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the serum level of irisin and the severity of spasticity and functional status, assessed by the mRS in stroke patients.

Conclusion These results showed that irisin levels in chronic stroke patients were similar to controls, and there was no relationship between the severity of spasticity and functional status and irisin level.

Keywords

Irisin - stroke - spasticity - functional outcomes

Financial Support

None.

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
28. Juni 2022

• References

• 1 Bonita R, Beaglehole R, Asplund K. The worldwide problem of stroke. Curr Opin Neurol 1994; 7 (01) 5-10
• 2 Hankey GJ. Stroke: how large a public health problem, and how can the neurologist help?. Arch Neurol 1999; 56 (06) 748-754
• 3 Romero JR. Prevention of ischemic stroke: overview of traditional risk factors. Curr Drug Targets 2007; 8 (07) 794-801
• 4 Boström P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP. et al. A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 2012; 481 (7382): 463-468
• 5 Dun SL, Lyu RM, Chen YH, Chang JK, Luo JJ, Dun NJ. Irisin-immunoreactivity in neural and non-neural cells of the rodent. Neuroscience 2013; 240: 155-162
• 6 Li DJ, Li YH, Yuan HB, Qu LF, Wang P. The novel exercise-induced hormone irisin protects against neuronal injury via activation of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and contributes to the neuroprotection of physical exercise in cerebral ischemia. Metabolism 2017; 68: 31-42
• 7 Wu H, Guo P, Jin Z. et al. Serum levels of irisin predict short-term outcomes in ischemic stroke. Cytokine 2019; 122: 154303
• 8 Timmons JA, Baar K, Davidsen PK, Atherton PJ. Is irisin a human exercise gene?. Nature 2012; 488 (7413): discussion E10–E11 E9-E10
• 9 Kurdiova T, Balaz M, Mayer A. et al. Exercise-mimicking treatment fails to increase Fndc5 mRNA & irisin secretion in primary human myotubes. Peptides 2014; 56: 1-7
• 10 Hofmann T, Elbelt U, Ahnis A, Kobelt P, Rose M, Stengel A. Irisin levels are not affected by physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 4: 202
• 11 Albright AL, Pollack IF, Adelson PD. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2nd edition.. New York: Thieme; 2008: 1121-1124
• 12 Goldstein EM. Spasticity management: an overview. J Child Neurol 2001; 16 (01) 16-23
• 13 Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 1987; 67 (02) 206-207
• 14 Zhao H, Collier JM, Quah DM, Purvis T, Bernhardt J. The modified Rankin Scale in acute stroke has good inter-rater-reliability but questionable validity. Cerebrovasc Dis 2010; 29 (02) 188-193
• 15 Jin Z, Guo P, Li X, Ke J, Wang Y, Wu H. Neuroprotective effects of irisin against cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury via Notch signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120: 109452
• 16 Jin Y, Sumsuzzman DM, Choi J, Kang H, Lee SR, Hong Y. Molecular and functional interaction of the myokine irisin with physical exercise and Alzheimer's disease. Molecules 2018; 23 (12) 3229 . Published 2018 Dec 7.
• 17 Wissel J, Manack A, Brainin M. Toward an epidemiology of poststroke spasticity. Neurology 2013; 80 (3, Suppl 2): S13-S19
• 18 Opheim A, Danielsson A, Alt Murphy M, Persson HC, Sunnerhagen KS. Upper-limb spasticity during the first year after stroke: stroke arm longitudinal study at the University of Gothenburg. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 93 (10) 884-896
• 19 Mirbagheri MM, Rymer WZ, Tsao C, Settle K. Evolution of reflexive and muscular mechanical properties in stroke-induced spasticity. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2005; 2005: 4393-4395
• 20 Tu WJ, Qiu HC, Cao JL, Liu Q, Zeng XW, Zhao JZ. Decreased concentration of irisin is associated with poor functional outcome in ischemic stroke. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15 (04) 1158-1167
• 21 Guo X, Xuan X, Zhao B. et al. Irisin in elderly people with hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, and overweight and obesity. Int J Diabetes Dev Countries 2020; 40: 196-202
• 22 Çelik HT, Akkaya N, Erdamar H. et al. The effects of valsartan and amlodipine on the levels of Irisin, Adropin, and Perilipin. Clin Lab 2015; 61 (12) 1889-1895
• 23 Crujeiras AB, Zulet MA, Lopez-Legarrea P. et al. Association between circulating irisin levels and the promotion of insulin resistance during the weight maintenance period after a dietary weight-lowering program in obese patients. Metabolism 2014; 63 (04) 520-531
• 24 Chen N, Li Q, Liu J, Jia S. Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine as a metabolic regulator: an updated narrative review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32 (01) 51-59
• 25 Choi YK, Kim MK, Bae KH. et al. Serum irisin levels in new-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100 (01) 96-101
• 26 Park KH, Zaichenko L, Brinkoetter M. et al. Circulating irisin in relation to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. [published correction appears in J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;99(5):1910] J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98 (12) 4899-4907