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Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42(04): 434-445
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757711
Review Article

Dietary Recommendations for the Management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Nutritional Geometry Perspective

Manuel Romero-Gómez
1   Digestive Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, SeLiver Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
2   Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
,
Rocío Aller
3   Gastroenterology Department, Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación Biomédoca en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINF), Facultad de Medicina, University of Valladolid, Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
,
Franz Martín-Bermudo
4   Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
5   Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
› Author Affiliations Funding This study was supported by grants from ISCIII PI19/00589, PMP21/00078, and Junta de Andalucía P20_01075 and PYC20 RE010 USE to M.R.-G.; grants from Junta de Andalucía (UPO-1380683) to F.M. and GLD1900025 by Gilead-AEEH to R.A.
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Abstract

Diet could be both culprit and solution of NAFLD. Dietary modifications have been associated with histological features improvement in NAFLD. The Western diet was related to a greater risk of disease progression while the Mediterranean diet (MD) could promote regression of histological lesions. Modifications in the nutrient composition seems to have lesser impact on NAFLD than dietary modifications. An intrinsic interaction between nutrients in the diet support a specific effect not seen when added separately. Dietary modifications should focus on promoting weight loss but also look for patterns that are able to promote histological improvement. Although several micronutrients' deficit has been related to NAFLD progression, prescribing these micronutrients' supplementation did not reach a positive impact. However, an enriching diet with specific nutrients could be useful, like olive oil supplemented in MD. Geometry of nutrition defines a framework to better understand the interaction between nutrients, foods, and dietetic pattern in the model of diseases and how we could approach taking into consideration the interaction between meals and disease features. After analyzing baseline diet and histological lesions, we could calculate the distance to optimal diet and to promote changes in lifestyle to reach all these goals. A standard MD menu would be recommended.

Keywords

dietary recommendations - geometry of nutrition - food intake - Mediterranean diet


Publication History

Article published online:
28 October 2022

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