An Interrelation between the Width of Attached Gingiva, Vestibular Depth and its Impact on Dental Hygiene Care

Abstract

Introduction The portion of the keratinized gingiva that is firmly attached to the bone is a significant determinant influencing oral hygiene and aids in the removal of deposits from the gingival crest, upgrades esthetics, and minimizes erythema in the area of the restituted dentition.

Aim To assess an interrelation among the thickness of attached gingiva, erythema, and dental hygiene. An interrelation of vestibular height, thickness of attached gingiva, and dental hygiene.

Materials and Methods A transverse study has been conducted. A total of 150 individuals were polled for information. The thickness of attached gingiva and vestibular height were assessed in six front dentitions by means of functional method. Clinical metrics comprising Oral hygiene index and modified gingival index has been documented.

Results There was a positive correlation association among attached gingival width and oral health care (p < 0.01). The vestibular depth, in contrast did not demonstrate any correlation (p < 0.01).

Conclusion An adequate amount of attached gingiva is essential to maintain the gingival health and overall oral hygiene, whereas the depth of vestibule did not show any association with oral hygiene maintenance.

Keywords

width of attached gingiva - vestibular depth - oral hygiene

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. November 2022

• References

• 1 Ainamo J, Löe H. Anatomical characteristics of gingiva. A clinical and microscopic study of the free and attached gingiva. J Periodontol 1966; 37 (01) 5-13
• 2 Padmini H, Raja KK, Hoe ZY, Teh YJ, Ting CJ. Correlation of width of attached gingiva, depth of the vestibule on gingival health and oral hygiene maintenance in Malaysian young adults. J Clin Diagn Res 2018;12(11):
• 3 Tarnow D, Hochman M, Chu S, Fletcher P. A new definition of attached gingiva around teeth and implants in healthy and diseased sites. Int J Periodont Restor Dent 2021; 41 (01) 43-49
• 4 Fiorellini JP, Kim DM, Ishikawa SO. The gingiva. In: Newman, Michael G, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, and Carranza FA, eds. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2015. 12. 9-39
• 5 Guglielmoni P, Promsudthi A, Tatakis DN, Trombelli L. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility in keratinized tissue width assessment with 3 methods for mucogingival junction determination. J Periodontol 2001; 72 (02) 134-139
• 6 Weinmann JP, Meyer J, Mardfin D, Weiss M. Occurrence and role of glycogen in the epithelium of the alveolar mucosa and of the attached gingiva. Am J Anat 1959; 104: 381-402
• 7 Tencate AR. The distribution of acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase and lipid in oral epithelia in man and the macaque monkey. Arch Oral Biol 1963; 8: 747-753
• 8 Hall WB. Can attached gingiva be increased nonsurgically?. Quintessence Int Dent Dig 1982; 13 (04) 455-462
• 9 Bhatia G, Kumar A, Khatri M, Bansal M, Saxena S. Assessment of the width of attached gingiva using different methods in various age groups: a clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19 (02) 199-202
• 10 Ainamo A, Ainamo J. The width of attached gingiva on supraerupted teeth. J Periodontal Res 1978; 13 (03) 194-198
• 11 Lang NP, Löe H. The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. J Periodontol 1972; 43 (10) 623-627
• 12 Miyasato M, Crigger M, Egelberg J. Gingival condition in areas of minimal and appreciable width of keratinized gingiva. J Clin Periodontol 1977; 4 (03) 200-209
• 13 Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Recession in sites with inadequate width of the keratinized gingiva. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1984; 11 (02) 95-103
• 14 Stetler KJ, Bissada NF. Significance of the width of keratinized gingiva on the periodontal status of teeth with submarginal restorations. J Periodontol 1987; 58 (10) 696-700
• 15 Freedman AL, Green K, Salkin LM, Stein MD, Mellado JR. An 18-year longitudinal study of untreated mucogingival defects. J Periodontol 1999; 70 (10) 1174-1176
• 16 Halperin-Sternfeld M, Zigdon-Giladi H, Machtei EE. The association between shallow vestibular depth and peri-implant parameters: a retrospective 6 years longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43 (03) 305-310
• 17 Wennstrom J, PiniPrato GP. Mucogingival therapy periodontal plastic surgery. In: Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang N. eds. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. 4th ed. Copenhagen: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2003: 576-650
• 18 Ward VJ. A technique of measurement of the depth of the vestibular fornix in the mandibular anterior region. J Periodontol 1976; 47 (09) 525-530
• 19 Goldman HM. A review of current technics in periodontal therapy as practised in the United States. Int Dent J 1960; 10: 287-309
• 20 Bowers GM. A study of the width of attached gingiva. J Periodontol 1963; 34 (03) 201-209
• 21 Kolte R, Kolte A, Mahajan A. Assessment of gingival thickness with regards to age, gender and arch location. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18 (04) 478-481
• 22 De Rouck T, Eghbali R, Collys K, De Bruyn H, Cosyn J. The gingival biotype revisited: transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick gingiva. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36 (05) 428-433
• 23 Adesola UK, Okhiabigie AP, Adeola A, Omowunmi AP, Ayodeji TO. Evaluation of the attached gingiva width and sulcus depth in an adult Nigerian population - a pilot study. J Int Acad Periodontol 2018; 20 (03) 78-85
• 24 Wennström JL. Lack of association between width of attached gingiva and development of soft tissue recession. A 5-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 1987; 14 (03) 181-184
• 25 Lang NP, Löe H. The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. J Periodontol 1972; 43 (10) 623-627