Ultraschall Med 2018; 39(03): 328-333
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-104631
Original Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Ultrasound of the Major Salivary Glands is a Reliable Imaging Technique in Patients with Clinically Suspected Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Ultraschall der großen Speicheldrüsen ist ein zuverlässiges bildgebendes Verfahren bei Patienten mit klinischem Verdacht auf primäres Sjögren-Syndrom
Konstantina Delli
1   Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
,
Suzanne Arends
2   Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
,
Jolien F. van Nimwegen
2   Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
,
Pieter U. Dijkstra
1   Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
3   Department of Rehabilitation, Center for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
,
Alja J. Stel
2   Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
,
Frederik K.L. Spijkervet
1   Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
,
Hendrika Bootsma
2   Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
,
Arjan Vissink*
1   Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

15. Juli 2016

07. Februar 2017

Publikationsdatum:
25. Oktober 2017 (online)

Abstract

Objective To assess the inter- and intraobserver reliability of ultrasound of major salivary glands in patients clinically suspected of having primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) as well as to assess sources of variation in outcomes of ultrasonographic evaluation.

Methods 80 consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected pSS underwent ultrasound evaluation. The following ultrasound variables of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands were assessed: echogenicity, parenchymal homogeneity, presence of hypoechogenic areas, hyperechogenic reflections and clearness of posterior glandular border, according to the scoring system of Hocevar et al. (total score range: 0 – 48). Images were scored independently by three blinded observers in two sessions.

Results The intraobserver reliability of the total ultrasound score was excellent, with an intraclass correlation (ICC) ranging from 0.89 to 0.96. The interobserver reliability was good to excellent, with ICCs of 0.84 and 0.76 for the total ultrasound score in the two sessions. The kappa value ranged from 0.60 to 0.83 depending on the applied cut-offs (cut-off score ≥ 15 and ≥ 17). Hypoechogenic areas and homogeneity of parotid glands showed the highest interobserver reliability. The median kappa for echogenicity was low. The total ultrasound scores varied more between observers in patients with higher ultrasonographic scores (approximately scores ≥ 20).

Conclusion Ultrasound of major salivary glands is a reliable imaging technique for patients with clinically suspected pSS. Discrepancies between observers in assessing the severity of ultrasound findings may interfere with detecting ‘true’ changes over time. When monitoring the progression of pSS or treatment efficacy, it is advised that a particular patient be scored by the same ultrasonographer at every time point.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Beurteilung der Inter- und Intraobserver-Reliabilität des Ultraschalls der großen Speicheldrüsen bei Patienten mit klinischem Verdacht auf primäres Sjögren-Syndrom (pSS) und Bewertung der Schwankungsquellen der Sonografie-Ergebnisse.

Methoden 80 aufeinander folgende ambulante Patienten mit klinischem Verdacht auf pSS wurden sonografisch bewertet. In der Glandula parotidea und Glandula submandibularis wurden die folgenden Ultraschallvariablen untersucht: Echogenität, Homogenität des Parenchyms, Nachweis von echoarmen Reflexionen und deutliche Abgrenzung des posterioren Drüsenrands nach dem Scoring-System von Hocevar et al. (gesamter Score-Bereich: 0 – 48). Die Bilder wurden unabhängig voneinander durch drei verblindete Beobachter in zwei Sitzungen eingeteilt.

Ergebnisse Die Intraobserver-Reliabilität der Gesamt-Ultraschall-Scores war ausgezeichnet, mit einer Intraklasse-Korrelation (ICC) zwischen 0,89 und 0,96. Die Interobserver-Reliabilität war gut bis ausgezeichnet, mit ICCs von 0,84 und 0,76 für den Gesamt-Ultraschall-Score in den beiden Sitzungen. Der kappa-Wert war zwischen 0,60 und 0,83 je nach verwendetem Cut-off (Cut-off Score ≥ 15 und ≥ 17). Echoarme Bereiche und die Homogenität der Parotisdrüsen zeigten die höchste Interobserver-Reliabilität. Der mediane Kappawert für die Echogenität war gering. Bei Patienten mit höheren Ultraschall-Scores variierten die Gesamt-Ultraschall-Scores stärker zwischen den Beobachtern (Scores von etwa ≥ 20).

Schlussfolgerung Die Sonografie der großen Speicheldrüsen ist eine zuverlässige bildgebende Diagnostik bei Patienten mit klinischem Verdacht auf pSS. Widersprüchliche Bewertungen des Schweregrads von Ultraschall-Befunden zwischen Beobachtern können den Nachweis "echter" Veränderungen im Laufe der Zeit stören. Bei der Überwachung der Progression des pSS oder der Wirksamkeit der Therapie wird empfohlen, dass ein bestimmter Patient jedes Mal vom selben Ultraschalldiagnostiker beurteilt wird.

* On behalf of the EULAR US-pSS Study Group


 
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