Verletzungen der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

Thorakolumbale Wirbelsäulenverletzungen sind bei Kindern deutlicher seltener als bei Erwachsenen. Entsprechend sind Informationen zu diesem Themenkomplex spärlich. In diesem Artikel sollen vier Aspekte zu thorakolumbalen Frakturen der kindlichen Wirbelsäule näher beleuchtet werden:
1. die Epidemiologie von kindlichen thorakolumbalen Verletzungen
2. Besonderheiten bei pädiatrischen thorakolumbalen Verletzungen
3. spezielle Aspekte der Diagnostik
4. Therapie der kindlichen thorakolumbalen Verletzungen

Abstract

Injuries of the thoracolumbar spine are rarely seen in the pediatric population. Thus, there is paucity of information in this relevant topic. Therefore we will try to illuminate the following aspects of thoracolumbar injuries in children:
1. the epidemiology of thoracolumbar injuries in children
2. special aspects of thoracolumbar pediatric injuries
3. special aspects of diagnosis
4. therapy of thoracolumbar injuries in children

Schlüsselwörter

Wirbelsäule - Kind - Unfall - thorakolumbal

Keywords

spine - pediatric - injury - thoracolumbar

• Literatur

• 1 Cirak B, Ziegfeld S, Knight VM. et al. Spinal injuries in children. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39: 607-612
• 2 Kokoska ER, Keller MS, Rallo MC. et al. Characteristics of pediatric cervical spine injuries. J Pediatr Surg 2001; 36: 100-105
• 3 Platzer P, Jaindl M, Thalhammer G. et al. Cervical spine injuries in pediatric patients. J Trauma 2007; 62: 389-396
• 4 Carreon LY, Glassman SD, Campbell MJ. Pediatric spine fractures: a review of 137 hospital admissions. J Spinal Disord Tech 2004; 17: 477-482
• 5 Akbarnia BA. Pediatric spine fractures. Orthop Clin North Am 1999; 30: 521-536
• 6 Hofbauer M, Jaindl M, Höchtl LL. et al. Spine injuries in polytraumatized pediatric patients: characteristics and experience from a Level I trauma center over two decades. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 73: 156-161
• 7 Kim C, Vassilyadi M, Forbes JK. et al. Traumatic spinal injuries in children at a single level 1 pediatric trauma centre: report of a 23-year experience. Can J Surg 2016; 59: 205-212
• 8 Garton 1 H, Hammer MR. Detection of pediatric cervical spine injury. Neurosurgery 2008; 62: 700-708
• 9 Dietz HG, Illing P, Schmittenbecher PP. et al. Praxis der Kinder- und Jugendtraumatologie. Heidelberg: Springer; 2011
• 10 Magerl F, Aebi M, Gertzbein SD. et al. A comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries. Eur Spine J 1994; 3: 184-201
• 11 Dogan S, Safavi-Abbasi S, Theodore N. et al. Thoracolumbar and sacral spinal injuries in children and adolescents: a review of 89 cases. J Neurosurg 2007; 106: 426-433
• 12 Daniels AH, Sobel AD, Eberson CP. Pediatric thoracolumbar spine trauma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2013; 21: 707-716
• 13 Gaca AM, Barnhart HX, Bisset 3rd GS. Evaluation of wedging of lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral bodies in the pediatric population. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 194: 516-520
• 14 Pouliquen JC, Kassis B, Glorion C. et al. Vertebral growth after thoracic or lumbar fracture of the spine in children. J Pediatr Orthop 1997; 17: 115-120
• 15 Karlsson MK, Moller A, Hasserius R. et al. A modeling capacity of vertebral fractures exists during growth: an up-to-47-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003; 28: 2087-2092
• 16 Singer G, Parzer S, Castellani C. et al. The influence of brace immobilization on the remodeling potential of thoracolumbar impaction fractures in children and adolescents. Eur Spine J 2016; 25: 607-613
• 17 Angelliaume A, Bouty A, Sales De Gauzy J. et al. Post-trauma scoliosis after conservative treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fracture in children and adolescents: results in 48 patients. Eur Spine J 2016; 25: 1144-1152
• 18 Moller A, Hasserius R, Besjakov J. et al. Vertebral fractures in late adolescence: a 27 to 47-year follow-up. Eur Spine J 2006; 15: 1247-1254
• 19 Andras LM, Skaggs KF, Badkoobehi H. et al. Chance Fractures in the Pediatric Population are Often Misdiagnosed. J Pediatr Orthop 2016; DOI: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000925.
• 20 Mulpuri K, Reilly CW, Perdios A. et al. The spectrum of abdominal injuries associated with chance fractures in pediatric patients. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2007; 17: 322-327
• 21 Hasler C, Jeanneret B. Pediatric spinal injuries. Orthopäde 2002; 31: 65-73
• 22 Arkader A, Warner Jr WC, Tolo VT. et al. Pediatric Chance fractures: a multicenter perspective. J Pediatr Orthop 2011; 31: 741-744
• 23 Sayama C, Chen T, Trost G. et al. A review of pediatric lumbar spine trauma. Neurosurg Focus 2014; DOI: 10.3171/2014.5.FOCUS1490.
• 24 Chang CH, Lee ZL, Chen WJ. et al. Clinical significance of ring apophysis fracture in adolescent lumbar disc herniation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008; 33: 1750-1754
• 25 Swärd L, Hellström M, Jacobsson B. et al. Vertebral ring apophysis injury in athletes. Is the etiology different in the thoracic and lumbar spine?. Am J Sports Med 1993; 21: 841-845
• 26 Wu X, Ma W, Du H. et al. A review of current treatment of lumbar posterior ring apophysis fracture with lumbar disc herniation. Eur Spine J 2013; 22: 475-488
• 27 Shirado O, Yamazaki Y, Takeda N. et al. Lumbar disc herniation associated with separation of the ring apophysis: is removal of the detached apophyses mandatory to achieve satisfactory results?. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005; 431: 120-128
• 28 Akhaddar A, Belfquih H, Oukabli M. et al. Posterior ring apophysis separation combined with lumbar disc herniation in adults: a 10-year experience in the surgical management of 87 cases. J Neurosurg Spine 2011; 14: 475-483
• 29 Ruf M, Harms J. Pedicle Screws in One and Two Year Old Children – Technique, Complications, and the Effect on Further Growth. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002; 27: E460-466