Präoperatives Training bei künstlichem Knie- und Hüft-Ersatz

Zusammenfassung

Der körperliche Fitness- und Funktionszustand vor schweren Operationen (OP) steht mit einem perioperativ erhöhten Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisiko, verlängerten Klinikverweildauern, verzögerter Wiederherstellung der Alltagsfunktion respektive höheren Krankenhauskosten im Zusammenhang. Bei Patienten mit orthopädisch-degenerativen OP-Indikationen des Knie- und Hüftgelenks ergab sich Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit eines präoperativen Trainings im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung körperlicher Funktionen vor OP, reduzierte Klinikverweildauern sowie eine schnellere Wiederherstellung alltagsrelevanter Funktionen nach OP. Insgesamt scheinen Risikopatienten am meisten zu profitieren.

Summary

Preoperative training for artificial knee and hip replacements

There is a strong correlation between physical fitness and functional state before severe operations (OP) with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality risk, prolonged periods of hospitalization, delayed restoration of physical function and higher hospital costs. In patients with orthopedic-degenerative surgical indications of the knee and hip joint, evidence was found for the effectiveness of preoperative training with regard to the improvement of physical functions before surgery, reduced clinic duration and faster functional recovery. Overall, high risk patients seem to benefit most from preoperative strength training.

Stichworte:

Prä-Rehabilitation - präoperatives Training - Hüftgelenksendoprothese - Kniegelenksendoprothese -

Key words:

prehabilitation - pre-operative training - pre-operative rehabilitation - hip arthroplasty - knee arthroplasty

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