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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761454
Original Article

Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Naive, Hybrid, and Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Recovered Indian Individuals

Gujjarlapudi Deepika 
1   Department of Biochemistry, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Singamsetty Adarsh 
2   Department of Critical Care Medicine, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Yelamanchili Sadhana
3   Department of Microbiology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Mahavadi Srihitha 
1   Department of Biochemistry, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Namburu Veeraiah
1   Department of Biochemistry, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
,
Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy 
4   Department of Gastroenterology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract:

Introduction Vaccination has shown to be protective against severe coronavirus disease 2019 by various studies. However, the vaccine efficacy was demonstrated to be less against the emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Both vaccine- and infection-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may prevent reinfection and severity. Our study aims to assess and compare the humoral response in heterogeneous population based on infection and vaccination status along with hybrid immunity.

Methods A retrospective, observational study of 2,545 adults was conducted. The study groups comprised of group I (n = 309) naive with a single dose of vaccination, group II (n = 357) infected and unvaccinated, group III (n = 590) completely vaccinated with two doses of vaccine, group IV (n = 70) booster dose, group V (n = 602) with hybrid immunity (pre-vaccination infection), and group VI (n = 617) with breakthrough infection (post-vaccination infection). Data pertaining to demographic details, clinical presentations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibodies by anti SARS-CoV-2 sVNT (surrogate virus neutralization test), S1/S2IgG, S-RBD (receptor-binding domain), and ChAdOx1-nCov-19 (Covishield) vaccination were retrieved from electronic health records.

Results The mean levels of neutralizing antibodies of group V were S1/S2, RBD (10.5/14.3 times), and sVNT (84.44%) and group VI had S1/S2, RBD (11.4/11.8 times), and sVNT (78.07%) when compared to group III. We also observed a statistically significant higher immune response in group V and VI than group I and II. A higher percentage (18.2%) of group II individuals had severe disease when compared to group V and VI (6.5/10.8%).

Conclusion A single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine gives robust antibody responses in previously infected individuals and may confer long-term hybrid immunity following booster vaccination.

Keywords

COVID-19 vaccine - neutralizing antibodies and sVNT - SARS-CoV-2 - spike and RBD antibodies


Publication History

Article published online:
06 February 2023

© 2023. The Indian Association of Laboratory Physicians. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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