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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2024; 18(01): 143-153
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761461
Original Article

Malocclusion: Prevalence and Determinants among Adolescents of Karachi, Pakistan

Rabia Tariq
1   Department of Research, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
,
Muhammad Tahir Khan
2   School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
,
Ashar Afaq
3   Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
,
Sobia Tariq
4   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
,
Yasir Tariq
5   Center of Advanced Consultants in Healthcare Education and Training, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
,
Sana Shakil Khan 
6   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
› Author Affiliations Funding The study is fully self-funded.
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Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated demographic and clinical factors in young adolescents (13–15 years) of Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods An epidemiological survey included 500 young adolescents of registered schools, madrassas (Islamic education system), and shop workers of Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town. It was a cross-sectional analytical study design. Multistage random sampling technique was used to enroll participants. The pattern of occlusion was recorded with other related features using Angle's classification. Health status was recorded through World Health Organization-guided indices (decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth [DMFT], community periodontal index of treatment needs [CPITN], and body mass index [BMI]). The information, thus, obtained was analyzed through SPSS using the chi-squared test and regression models.

Results Forty four percent of the participants were female, while overall estimated prevalence of malocclusion in young adolescents of Karachi was 57.4%. After adjustments, participants going to any kind of education system had less malocclusion in comparison to those who were not going to any education system (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.305, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12–0.73); mother's education especially higher level (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.08–3.75) and presence of periodontal disease (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06–2.33) were significantly associated with malocclusion.

Conclusion This study showed that the class I malocclusion is prevalent in the local community. Demographic factors like gender, age, self-reported ethnicity, and BMI did not show any significant role. Education or knowledge of parents and young adolescents does play an influential role in decreasing malocclusion. Young adolescents, who are more prone to oral health problems at an early age, would have more chances to develop occlusal discrepancies.

Keywords

malocclusion - DMFT index - CPITN index - young adolescents - prevalence

Authors' Contributions

All the authors participated in the conception, designing of the study, and proforma development. RT, TK, and AA did the final validation and structuration of the proforma. All the authors participated in the planning and acquisition of data. RT, ST, YT, and AA contributed to doing all the arrangements for dental survey materials, and RT, SS, and TK coordinated with all the authorities for ethical consideration. SS, YT, and ST prepared the dataset for analysis, and RT, TK, and AA carried out the statistical analyses. All authors contributed to the interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript. RT prepared the final original draft of the manuscript. All authors revised the study results and approved the final version before submission. The corresponding author verifies that all listed authors meet authorship criteria.




Publication History

Article published online:
14 April 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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