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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2023; 58(03): 361-367
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770149
Update Article
Oncologia

Multiple Myeloma (Part 1) – Update on Epidemiology, Diagnostic Criteria, Systemic Treatment and Prognosis

Article in several languages: português | English
Alex Guedes 
1   Grupo de Oncologia Ortopédica, Hospital Santa Izabel, Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
2   Serviço de Trauma Ortopédico, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
3   Departamento do Aparelho Locomotor, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
,
Ricardo Gehrke Becker 
4   Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
,
Luiz Eduardo Moreira Teixeira 
5   Departamento do Aparelho Locomotor da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
› Author Affiliations Financial Support There was no funding.
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Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by unregulated and clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow; these cells produce and secrete an anomalous monoclonal immunoglobulin, or a fragment of this, called M protein. The clinical manifestations of MM result from the proliferation of these plasmocytes, the excessive production of monoclonal immunoglobulin and the suppression of normal humoral immunity, leading to hypercalcemia, bone destruction, renal failure, suppression of hematopoiesis and humoral immunity, increasing the risk for the development of infections. The increase in life expectancy of the world population led to a concomitant increase in the prevalence of MM, a pathology that usually affects the elderly population. The aim of this review is to update the reader on epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis with other monoclonal gammopathies, systemic treatment and prognosis of MM.

Keywords

epidemiology - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance - multiple myeloma - smoldering multiple myeloma - plasmacytoma - prognosis


Publication History

Received: 09 August 2022

Accepted: 12 December 2022

Article published online:
29 June 2023

© 2023. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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