Abstract
The exploration of ionic liquids, with their unique physicochemical and task specific
properties, has made notable progress in organic synthesis highlighting their use
as sustainable catalysts/solvents/bifunctional solvent-catalytic systems. This account
presents a comprehensive survey of the development of sustainable organic synthesis
using ionic liquid materials in India since 2000. The tunability of the properties
of ionic liquids with their structural diversity is discussed together with the classification
of ionic liquids material according to different aspects. The applications of ionic
liquids are extensively review for a wide array of organic reactions, such as nucleophilic
addition, elimination reactions, conjugate addition reactions, condensation, protection
of functional groups, esterification, pericyclic reactions, coupling reactions, heterocycle
synthesis, and miscellaneous reactions.
1 Introduction
2 Classification of Ionic Liquids
2.1 Based on Structure and Physicochemical Properties
2.2 Based on Reactivity of the Ionic Liquid
2.3 Based on the Number of Cations in the Ionic Liquid
2.4 Based on Functionality
3 Applications of Ionic Liquid Systems in Organic Synthesis
3.1 Nucleophilic Substitution
3.2 Elimination Reactions
3.3 Conjugate Addition Reactions
3.4 Condensation Reactions
3.5 Protection of Functional Groups
3.6 Esterification
3.7 Pericyclic Reactions
3.8 Coupling Reactions
3.9 Synthesis of Heterocycles
3.10 Miscellaneous Reactions
3.10.1 Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
3.10.2 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
3.10.3 Reductive Amination
3.10.4 Decarboxylation Reactions
3.10.5 Carbonylation Reactions
3.10.6 Rearrangement Reactions
3.10.7 Oxidation
4 Conclusion
Key words
ionic liquids - organic synthesis - catalysis - solvent-catalyst - recyclable
