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CC BY 4.0 · J Neuroanaesth Crit Care
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778076
Original Article

Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy Using Normal Saline versus Ringer's Lactate in Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Aparna Depuru 
1   Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Kirandeep Kaur
1   Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Kiran Jangra 
1   Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Navneet Singla
2   Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Hemant Bhagat
1   Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Shiv Lal Soni
1   Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Nidhi B. Panda 
1   Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Vinitha Narayan
1   Division of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Anuj Prabhakar
3   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract

Background Ringer's lactate (RL) and 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) are used intraoperatively in pediatric surgical patients. The fluid of choice in pediatric neurosurgical patients is still under research. Hence, we compared NS and RL intraoperatively with a primary objective of measuring the absolute difference in serum chloride concentrations (ΔCl-) after surgery from baseline. Secondary objectives included changes in other electrolytes, osmolarity, pH, creatinine, brain relaxation score (BRS), and neurological outcome at discharge using a modified Rankin scale (mRS).

Methods This prospective randomized trial was conducted in American Society of Anesthesiologists status I to II children, aged 6 months to 14 years, after Institutional Ethical Committee approval and written informed consent. Forty patients were randomized in group-S (received 0.9% Saline) and group-R (received RL). The fluid administration was guided by Pleth Variability Index (target <13%). Arterial blood samples were taken at the start of surgery, during tumor resection, and at the end of surgery.

Results Twenty-one patients in NS and 19 patients in RL were enrolled. ΔCl- was 12 (9–16) mmol/L in NS group and 4 (2–15) mmol/L in RL group, p = 0.03. NS group developed more metabolic acidosis (6 [28.6%] vs. 0 [0.0%], p = 0.021). There was no difference in the other electrolytes, serum osmolarity, BRS, perioperative creatinine, and mRS between groups, p = 0.36, p = 0.096, p = 0.658, and p = 0.168, respectively.

Conclusion Intraoperative use of NS causes derangement in chloride balance, leading to metabolic acidosis compared to RL in children undergoing neurosurgical procedures. However, there was no difference in the other parameters, including serum osmolarity, BRS, and mRS.

Keywords

neurosurgery - normal saline - pediatric - Ringer's lactate


Publication History

Article published online:
02 May 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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