Wie bewerten Nierenlebendspender die Spende und deren Folgen? Eine Befragung von 144 Betroffenen

Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund des weltweiten Organmangels und der steigenden Anzahl an Patienten, die ein Organ benötigen, rückt die Lebendorganspende immer mehr in den Vordergrund. Um den Prozess der Lebendorganspende zu verbessern, wurde am Universitätsklinikum Erlangen eine Befragung zur Evaluation der Nierenlebendspende initiiert. Dabei sollten Erfahrungen und berichtete Folgen von Seiten der Lebendspender erfasst werden. Zwischen 2003–2014 wurden N=199 Lebendnierenspenden am Universitätsklinikum Erlangen durchgeführt. Von diesen willigten n=144 Lebendnierenspender (65,3% weiblich, Altersdurchschnitt 58,7 Jahre) ein, an der Studie teilzunehmen. Im Allgemeinen zeigte sich die große Mehrheit der Befragten mit der Lebendspende zufrieden. Nahezu alle Lebendnierenspender (98%) würden die Spende erneut durchführen, wenn sie könnten. Eine Belastung des körperlichen oder psychischen Befindens durch die Lebendspende wurde vom Großteil der Lebendspender verneint. Dennoch berichtete etwa ein Viertel der Befragten körperliche Einschränkungen, die nicht nur kurzfristige Operationsfolgen, wie Wundheilung oder Schmerzen beinhalten, sondern auch langfristige Beschwerden wie Bluthochdruck. Zudem wurden einzelne Problembereiche deutlich, wie z. B. mangelnde psychologische Versorgung oder ärztliche Nachsorge, die auf eine nötige Weiterentwicklung der Versorgungsstruktur hinweisen.

Abstract

Living organ donation becomes more and more important as the number of patients needing organ transplantation is increasing. The University Hospital of Erlangen initiated a survey of living kidney donors to improve the process of living donation. The survey aimed to assess the donor’s needs and experiences during the process of living kidney donation. From 2003 to 2014 n=199 living kidney donations were registered at the University Hospital of Erlangen. A total of n=144 living kidney donors (65.3% females, mean age M=58.7 years) participated in the study. In general, the majority of the living kidney donors were satisfied with the process of donation. Almost all of them (98%) confirmed to donate again, if it was possible. A large part of the living kidney donors denied any negative physical or psychological consequences of the donation. However, around 25% reported still physical problems for example wound healing, pain or long-term hypertension. Furthermore, a lack of pre- and post-operative psychological care or a regular medical follow-up care was reported. Thus, clinical practice needs to be further developed to meet the patient’s needs.

Schlüsselwörter

Lebendnierenspende - Lebendspende - Erfahrungen, Folgen - psychosoziale Folgen

Key words

evaluation - consequences - psychosocial consequences - living donation - living kidney donation

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