HPV-Infektionen: Diagnostik und Impfung

Humane Papillomaviren (HPV) sind doppelsträngige DNA-Viren, von denen > 200 verschiedene Subtypen bekannt sind. Die HPV-Subtypen lassen sich je nach malignem Potenzial einer Infektion entweder in Niedrigrisikosubtypen (6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, etc.) oder Hochrisikosubtypen (6, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39 etc.) einteilen. Die häufigsten Hochrisikosubtypen sind HPV 16 und 18 (verantwortlich für 70% der Zervixkarzinome) [1]. Die Infektion mit HPV-Niedrigrisikosubtypen kann zu gutartigen Feigwarzen oder Larynxpapillomatose führen, während eine Infektion mit Hochrisikosubtypen zu invasiven Karzinomen insbesondere dem Zervixkarzinom, aber auch Karzinomen des Mund-Rachen-Raums, Vagina-, Vulva-, Penis- und Analkarzinomen führen kann [2].

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