Subscribe to RSS
Download PDF
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786840
Assessment of Vertical Force Generated with Single File Systems during Shaping of Constricted Root Canals
Funding This work was supported by a research grant (RC17/008/R) from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the shaping force generated with OneShape (OS) and HyFlex EDM (HEDM) systems designed for single file shaping, in comparison with ProTaper Next (PTN).
Materials and Methods Maxillary premolar teeth received access cavity preparation and their canals were shaped with OS, HEDM, or PTN to size 25 according to manufacturer's instructions with consistent pressure on the files to give a gentle “in-and-out” movements of 2 mm amplitude. The canal shaping was completed with a total of three insertions. After each insertion, 1% NaOCl irrigation and recapitulation with K-file size 15 were performed. The vertical shaping force was measured using a force gauge (M5-20 Advanced Digital Force Gauge; Mark-10 Corporation, NY).
Statistical Analysis The shaping time was analyzed by using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and differences between the mean apical and coronal maximum force values were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The level of significance was set as 0.05.
Results The magnitude of the vertical forces increased with successive advancements of the instruments within the canal. During canal shaping procedures in all groups, the apical and coronal maximum force values of the OS and HEDM ranged from 2.5 to 7.2 N and 1.3 to 2.9 N, respectively. PTN generated the lowest maximum apical forces during the second and third insertions (p < 0.05). HEDM generated significantly less maximum coronal forces than both OS and PTN during the first insertion while the use of OS was associated with the highest amount of force values in the second and third insertions (p < 0.05). In terms of shaping time, no significant differences were detected among the three tested systems (p = 0.606).
Conclusion The tested single file systems were associated with higher shaping forces in the apical direction that were significant in the second and third insertions.
Publication History
Article published online:
16 July 2024
© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Ng YL, Mann V, Gulabivala K. A prospective study of the factors affecting outcomes of nonsurgical root canal treatment: part 1: periapical health. Int Endod J 2011; 44 (07) 583-609
- 2 Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am 1974; 18 (02) 269-296
- 3 Cheung GS, Liu CS. A retrospective study of endodontic treatment outcome between nickel-titanium rotary and stainless steel hand filing techniques. J Endod 2009; 35 (07) 938-943
- 4 Ebihara A, Yahata Y, Miyara K, Nakano K, Hayashi Y, Suda H. Heat treatment of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments: effects on bending properties and shaping abilities. Int Endod J 2011; 44 (09) 843-849
- 5 Çapar ID, Arslan H. A review of instrumentation kinematics of engine-driven nickel-titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2016; 49 (02) 119-135
- 6 Sattapan B, Nervo GJ, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Defects in rotary nickel-titanium files after clinical use. J Endod 2000; 26 (03) 161-165
- 7 Lin LM, Rosenberg PA, Lin J. Do procedural errors cause endodontic treatment failure?. J Am Dent Assoc 2005; 136 (02) 187-193 , quiz 231
- 8 Peters OA, Gluskin AK, Weiss RA, Han JT. An in vitro assessment of the physical properties of novel Hyflex nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2012; 45 (11) 1027-1034
- 9 Yared G. Canal preparation using only one Ni-Ti rotary instrument: preliminary observations. Int Endod J 2008; 41 (04) 339-344
- 10 Bürklein S, Benten S, Schäfer E. Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris with different single-file systems: Reciproc, F360 and OneShape versus Mtwo. Int Endod J 2014; 47 (05) 405-409
- 11 Capar ID, Ertas H, Ok E, Arslan H, Ertas ET. Comparative study of different novel nickel-titanium rotary systems for root canal preparation in severely curved root canals. J Endod 2014; 40 (06) 852-856
- 12 Pedullà E, Lo Savio F, Boninelli S. et al. Torsional and cyclic fatigue resistance of a new nickel-titanium instrument manufactured by electrical discharge machining. J Endod 2016; 42 (01) 156-159
- 13 Gambarini G. Cyclic fatigue of ProFile rotary instruments after prolonged clinical use. Int Endod J 2001; 34 (05) 386-389
- 14 Schrader C, Peters OA. Analysis of torque and force with differently tapered rotary endodontic instruments in vitro. J Endod 2005; 31 (02) 120-123
- 15 Peters OA, Peters CI, Schönenberger K, Barbakow F. ProTaper rotary root canal preparation: assessment of torque and force in relation to canal anatomy. Int Endod J 2003; 36 (02) 93-99
- 16 da Silva FM, Kobayashi C, Suda H. Analysis of forces developed during mechanical preparation of extracted teeth using RaCe rotary instruments and ProFiles. Int Endod J 2005; 38 (01) 17-21
- 17 Jamleh A, Alfadley A, Alfouzan K. Vertical force induced with WaveOne and WaveOne Gold systems during canal shaping. J Endod 2018; 44 (09) 1412-1415
- 18 Jamleh A, Alfadley A, Alghofaili N, Jamleh H, Al Fouzan K. Analysis of force and torque with XP Shaper and OneCurve systems during shaping of narrow canals. Eur Endod J 2020; 5 (02) 123-127
- 19 Jamleh A. Effect of blue heat treatment on vertical force induced with endodontic files. Eur Endod J 2022; 7 (03) 193-197
- 20 Schneider SW. A comparison of canal preparations in straight and curved root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1971; 32 (02) 271-275
- 21 Lopes HP, Elias CN, Vieira MV. et al. Fatigue life of Reciproc and Mtwo instruments subjected to static and dynamic tests. J Endod 2013; 39 (05) 693-696
- 22 Johnson E, Lloyd A, Kuttler S, Namerow K. Comparison between a novel nickel-titanium alloy and 508 nitinol on the cyclic fatigue life of ProFile 25/.04 rotary instruments. J Endod 2008; 34 (11) 1406-1409
- 23 Bürklein S, Benten S, Schäfer E. Shaping ability of different single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. Int Endod J 2013; 46 (06) 590-597
- 24 Jamleh A, Komabayashi T, Ebihara A. et al. Root surface strain during canal shaping and its influence on apical microcrack development: a preliminary investigation. Int Endod J 2015; 48 (12) 1103-1111
- 25 Peters OA, Barbakow F. Dynamic torque and apical forces of ProFile.04 rotary instruments during preparation of curved canals. Int Endod J 2002; 35 (04) 379-389
- 26 Jamleh A, Alfouzan K. Vertical load induced with Twisted File Adaptive System during canal shaping. J Endod 2016; 42 (12) 1811-1814
- 27 Jamleh A, Alfadley A, Tarabzoni L, Alowaidi L, Alobaid T, Alfouzan K. Impact of sequential use of reciprocating files on the shaping load during root canal treatment. J Endod 2024; 50 (03) 370-375
- 28 Ha JH, Cheung GS, Versluis A, Lee CJ, Kwak SW, Kim HC. ‘Screw-in’ tendency of rotary nickel-titanium files due to design geometry. Int Endod J 2015; 48 (07) 666-672
- 29 Adorno CG, Yoshioka T, Suda H. Crack initiation on the apical root surface caused by three different nickel-titanium rotary files at different working lengths. J Endod 2011; 37 (04) 522-525
- 30 Ha JH, Jo HJ, Kwak SW, Sigurdsson A, Kim HC. Effect of periodic changes in rotation speed on torsional stress and screw-in force by alternative rotation technique. J Endod 2023; 49 (01) 77-82
- 31 Nalla RK, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. On the fracture of human dentin: is it stress- or strain-controlled?. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 67 (02) 484-495
- 32 Jamleh A, Adorno CG, Ebihara A, Suda H. Effect of nickel titanium file design on the root surface strain and apical microcracks. Aust Endod J 2016; 42 (01) 25-31
- 33 Glavičić S, Anić I, Braut A, Miletić I, Borčić J. Vertical force and torque analysis during mechanical preparation of extracted teeth using hand ProTaper instruments. Aust Endod J 2011; 37 (02) 51-55