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Open Access
CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2025; 19(01): 197-205
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787105
Original Article

Preosteoblast Adhesion and Viability Study of Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Block Scaffold Coated with Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome

Authors

  • Arum Nur Kartika Putri 

    1   Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • David Buntoro Kamadjaja

    2   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Andra Rizqiawan

    2   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Muhammad Subhan Amir 

    2   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Ni Putu Mira Sumarta

    2   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Dewi Kartikawati Paramita

    3   Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract

Objectives Combining a three-dimensional scaffold with growth factors before implantation is one method used to increase scaffold bioactivity in bone tissue engineering. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)–conditioned medium (CM), called secretome, contains many proteins and growth factors required for tissue repair and growth. This study evaluated the bioactivity of a bovine bone scaffold combined with the secretome of human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) by analyzing MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and viability on the scaffold.

Materials and Methods This in vitro laboratory study evaluated the effect of hUC-MSC secretome applied to bovine bone scaffolds processed using various techniques on MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and viability. The three experimental groups included deproteinized bovine bone mineral–secretome (DBBM-CM), freeze-dried bovine bone–secretome (FDBB-CM), and decellularized FDBB-CM, whereas the control group was treated with DBBM alone. The cell adhesion test was performed using the centrifugation method after 6 and 24 hours, whereas the cell viability test was conducted using the trypan blue exclusion method after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell attachment was visualized after 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and viewed under inverted fluorescence microscopy.

Stastical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by a post hoc test in cases of significant differences.

Results Statistical analyses showed significantly greater adhesion of the preosteoblasts to the FDBB-CM scaffold at 6 hours (p = 0.002). The results of the adhesion test at 24 hours and the viability tests at all observation times showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). This study found that the average MC3T3-E1 cell adhesions and viabilities were highest for the FDBB-CM and DBBM-CM scaffolds. DBBM scaffolds with the secretome had better cell adhesion and viability than those without the secretome.

Conclusion The addition of MSC secretome increased bovine bone scaffold bioactivity especially in DBBM and FDBB scaffolds.

Keywords

bovine bone scaffold - secretome - bioactivity - adhesion - viability


Publication History

Article published online:
16 July 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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