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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2025; 19(02): 464-471
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789269
Original Article

Effect of Particulate Matter 2.5 on Primary Gingival Keratinocyte and Human Gingival Fibroblast Cell Lines

Autor*innen

  • Supaporn Mala

    1   Reseach Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Supranee Buranapraditkun 

    2   Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
    3   Center of Excellence in Thai Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Immunology (TPGHAI), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Kanidta Sooklert

    4   Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Amornpun Sereemaspun

    4   Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Puangwan Lapthanasupkul 

    5   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Dulyapong Rungraungrayabkul

    6   Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

  • Nakarin Kitkumthorn

    7   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract

Objective Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), an important air pollution particle, has been previously studied for its effects on various normal and cancer tissues. However, research on the impact of PM2.5, specifically on normal cavity tissue, is still limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of PM2.5 on cell vitality, cell cycle, and apoptosis in PGK (normal oral keratinocyte) and HGF (human gingival fibroblast) cell lines.

Materials and Methods The effect of PM2.5 was examined through cell vitality using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, while cell cycle and apoptosis were determined via flow cytometry. Cells incubated with 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide were used as the negative control.

Results In a concentration-dependent manner, PM2.5 inhibited the proliferation of HGF and PGK cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PM2.5 after 24 hours of incubation was 400 ng/µL for HGF cells and 100 ng/µL for PGK cells. This particulate matter arrested the cell cycles of both HGF and PGK cells at the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, PM2.5 was found to trigger apoptosis in both HGF and PGK cell lines and also cause necrosis in the PGK cell line at higher concentrations.

Statistical Analysis Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to evaluate all quantitative data.

Conclusion The findings indicated that PM2.5 decreases cell viability, halts cell cycle progression, and triggers apoptosis in normal oral cavity cell lines. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid PM2.5 exposure in order to mitigate potential health risks. To understand PM2.5-induced oral cellular damage, more research is needed.

Keywords

PM2.5 - human gingival fibroblast - primary gingival keratinocyte - cell viability - cell cycle - apoptosis

Supplementary Material



Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
30. Dezember 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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