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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Plast Surg 2025; 58(01): 011-017
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1793948
Review Article

The Controversy Surrounding the Arcade of Struthers: A Systematic Review of Literature

Tinatin Natroshvili 
1   Department of Plastic Surgery, Martini Hospital, NT Groningen, The Netherlands
,
Maaike van de Meene
1   Department of Plastic Surgery, Martini Hospital, NT Groningen, The Netherlands
,
Walter J. Szweryn
1   Department of Plastic Surgery, Martini Hospital, NT Groningen, The Netherlands
,
Marius A. Kemler
1   Department of Plastic Surgery, Martini Hospital, NT Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

The arcade of Struthers was first described by Kane et al in 1973 as a thickening of the deep investing fascia of the distal arm and superficial fibers of the medial head of the triceps muscle extending to the medial intermuscular septum. However, existence of anatomical structure remains disputed, lacking a unanimous consensus. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of all findings and conclusions on this subject. A literature search was conducted using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The QUality Appraisal for Cadaveric Studies (QUACS) scale was used for quality appraisal. In total, 12 studies (including 348 arms) agreed with the existence of the arcade of Struthers and its role in ulnar nerve entrapment. One study agreed with the existence of the structure, but disagreed with its nomenclature. On the other side, five studies (describing 224 arms) were against the existence of the structure. In literature, studies can be divided into two groups. The first group agrees with the existence of the arcade of Struthers as described by Kane et al in 1973, emphasizing its role in ulnar nerve entrapment. The second group disagrees with the existence of the arcade of Struthers, and is further divided into those who believe the structure is best described as an accessory origin of the head of the triceps muscle and those who consider it a dissection artifact.

Keywords

arcade of Struthers - ulnar nerve entrapment - Struthers’ ligament

Authors' Contributions

All the authors approved the final contents of the submission and were actively involved in the planning and enactment of the study and in the preparation of the submitted article.


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Publication History

Article published online:
03 December 2024

© 2024. Association of Plastic Surgeons of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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